Rohingya Refugees Health Problems and Health Seeking

Rohingya Refugees Health Problems and Health SeekingTitle wellness PROBLEMS HEALTH CARE SEEKING BEHAVIOR OF ROHINGYA REFUGEESAbs portionBackgroundRohingya refugees be the most vulnerable collection due to miss of wellness explosive missionary station system, personal hygiene, shelter, sanitation and violence. In this study the main aim to amaze out the wellness problems wellness dispense seeking behavior of rohingya refugee peoples, to localize the socio-demographic cultivation for such exposure group in relation to be on, sex, occupation, life story atomic number 18as, to explore the patients somatogenetic, emotional, perceptions, attitudes and env urge on rational health problems and to bring out health c are seeking behavior of refugees. Methodology This was a cross-sectional study. Total 149 samples were selected handily for this study from the refugee tents. Data was collected by using merge compositors fortune of questionnaire. Descriptive statistic was ut ilise for data analysis which focused through table, pie graph and bar chart. Results The finding of the study showed that 45.6% participants had mul flushle problems followed by 16.8% participants had other proper(postnominal) problems manage musculoskeletal pain, visual problems and peptic ulcer. Urinary piece of ground transmission is the leading(p) individual health problems, among the participants 11.4% had this problem, 10.7% participants had hypertension, 6% had respiratory nerve pathway infection, 3.4% had forage deficiency, 4.75% had diabetes mellitus and 1.3% had sanitation hygiene problems. Among the participants the middle age people had broadly speaking health problems, 68.4% age range between 15-59 old age. The study showed that, provided 16.1% participants were slaked with the attri ande of service they consumed, among the participants 37.6% participants verbalize that they were regard better service such as more(prenominal) laboratory test, radiolog ical imaging, more bearing for more doctors. terminusIt is clear that refugee peoples suffered from lots of health problems, be bowel sweat in that location living condition, environmental moorage non similar care an independent nations, from macrocosm their expectation there was not sufficient copious music other operate were available, they be better go.KeywordsHealth problems, Rohingya refugee, Health seeking behaviour, Bangladesh. IntroductionRohingyas are an ethnic, linguistic and religious minority group of Northern Rakhine State (NRS) of Myanmar. Myanmar government categorise them as illegal immigrants from Bangladesh and excluded them from citizenship and basic human rights (1). From 1991-1992 a mass hejira of more than 250,000 Rohingya refugees fled persecution in the Union of Myanmar and arrived in Bangladesh, living in momentary campgrounds and completely dependent on outside support from the United Nations (UN), the authorities of Bangladesh (GOB) an d numerous non-governmental organizations (NGOs) (2,3,4). Globally, the total people of refugees is almost 9.9 million. The general health spatial relation of refugees in various countries is reported to be poor with malnutrition universe the major health problem due to lack of access to sufficient victuals and nutrient intakes. Other health problems among refugees include mental illnesses, intestinal parasites, hepatitis B, tuberculosis, sexually transmitted diseases, human immunodeficiency virus/ AIDS, malaria and anemia (2, 5). Infants and young children are often the earliest and most frequent victims of violence, disease, and malnutrition which accompevery population displacement and refugee outflows. Rohingyas are outlay long period of time in Bangladesh as refugees My life is over. al one I want is for my children to spend a penny a chance at a better life. Two generations of the Rohingya have express this. The vast majority of their lodge suffers the same neglect and lack of opportunity that their parents faced at present, there are no specific serve available to refugee children with special unavoidably or disabilities. With regards to cases of sexual exploitation of children, there have been reports and cases of refugee minors (females) being harassed, abused or raped by local villagers. A come later found that out of 508 children of under 5 age of age, 65% were anemic and therefore, chronically malnourished (4, 6, 7). Rohingya is a generic term referring to the Sunni Islamic inhabitants of genus Arakan, the historical name of a Myanmar border region which has a long invoice of isolation from the rest of the rude. It is thought that the Rohingya are of mixed ancestry, tracing their origins twain to outsiders (Arabs, Moors, Turks, Persians, Moguls and Pathans) and to local Bengali and Rakhine. They speak a version of Chittagonian, a regional dialect of Bengali which is also used extensively throughout south-eastern Bangladesh (8 ). Syrian refugees are in need of basic services such as shelter, nutrition, education, medication and health carry on services. Approximately 1.4 million Syrian refugees are children and the United Nations Childrens Fund has reported that these children are at risk of being a lost generation. Syrian refugees are enduring daily challenges to physical and mental survival. In addition to the extreme needfully for physical and nutritionary interventions, mental health professionals recognize the urgent need for counseling services base on widespread documented reports of refugees (9, 10). Three meals a twenty-four hours are served in camps, solely refugees are not genial with the eccentric of what is served. at that place are occasional cases of food intoxication. Refugees are not allowed to gear up their food in tents because of the risk of fire. appear of camps, the nutritional status of refugees is more often than not bad, only limited number of them can have 3 meals a da y. In general, they feed on bread and vegetables. A survey conducted at a provincial centre found, among women in the age group 15-49, iron (by 50%) and B12 vitamin deficiency (by 46%) (11). Some of the countries in the region (notably Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal) are host to refugee and displaced populations from neighbouring states, a circumstance that in itself merits attention since it has the potential to cause major political unrest (12). Bangladesh is surrounded by a high HIV prevalence neighboring country at southern part, Myanmar. Teknaf is a small town in the Chittagong Division at the southern tip of Bangladesh, separated from Myanmar on the eastern side by the river Naf. This border subject field is unique for many reasons, including the history of the tens of thousands of refugees that are currently living in squalid conditions on the Bangladeshi side (13). A 19 age old refugee at Nayapara camp sayed that I was born in Burma, but the Burmese government says I don t belong there. I grew up in Bangladesh, but the Bangladesh government says I cannot stay here. As a Rohingya, I feel I am caught between a crocodile and a ophidian (14). The population of Bangladesh is growing at approximately the rate of l.59 percent per annum the helping of urban population is 27% while that of rural is 73%. Bangladeshs population growth rate was among the highest in the world in the 1960s and 1970s, when the country swelled from 65 to 110 million (15).The Rohingya refugee problem has been a long issue and involves the question of an ethnic minoritys identity. The Rohingyas are an ethnic minority group in the northern Arakan (currently Rakhine) state of Myanmar. Commonly known as Muslim Arakanese, the Rohingyas trace their historical roots in the Arakan region from the eleventh hundred to 1962 (16). Hundreds more Rohingya have been the victims of torture, arbitrary detention, rape, and other forms of serious physical and mental harm. Whether confined to the th ree townships in northern Rakhine State or to one of dozens of internally displaced persons camps throughout the state, Rohingya have been deprived of freedom of movement and access to food, clean drinking water, sanitation, medical care, work opportunities, and education (17). There is no domestic law in Bangladesh to regulate the administration of refugee affairs or to guarantee refugee rights. New refugees have difficulties accessing health care, their health problems whitethorn worsen with time.5 Social isolation and disconnection have been shown to contribute to untimely death among members of isolated communities (18).In refugee camps medical services are mostly crippled, there is no examination and with the exception of some community health centers (RHU) there is no pregnant women and infant monitoring either, since family planning services for refugees are not available, there are unwanted births and increase in infant mortality, women additionally face risks of gender dis crimination, sexual violence, earliest mating and miscarriage and birth complications (19). The government of Bangladesh welcomed the Rohingyas and made substantial efforts to accommodate them but the GOB had clearly maintained from the beginning that asylum for the refugees was temporary and support their immediate return, of the original 20 refugee camps that were constructed in 1992 in south -western Bangladesh, among them only two are remain near Nayapara refugee camp at Teknaf and Kutupalong refugee camp near Ukhia, giving shelter to 21,621 refugees, Kutupalong camp officially houses 8,216 refugees and Nayapara 13,405 as of declination 2001(20).Methods dusty PlaceThe study was conducted at the refugee camp in Coxs bazar in Bangladesh.Data Collection, Management AnalysisThe data was collect from the refugee camp in Coxs Bazar in Bangladesh through a standard mixed type questionnaire. The study was conducted at the Nayapara refugee camp at teknaf in Coxs Bazar. more or les s 149 samples were collected from July 2016 to October 2016 in Nayapara refugee camp. After collecting the data analysis is through by SPSS (Statistical Package of Social Science) software version 16.0.Ethical regardA research proposal was submitted to the public health department of ASA University for compliment and the proposal was okay by the faculty members and gave permission initially from the supervisor of the research project and from the academic coordinator before conducting the study. The necessary development has been approved by the ethical committee of public health department and was permitted to do this research. Also the necessary permission was taken from the Camp In charge (CIC), health coordinator medical team leader of the refugee health unit (RHU). The participants were explained about the purpose and goal of the study before collecting data from the participants. Pseudonyms were used in the notes, transcripts and throughout the study. It was ensured to t he participants that the entire field notes, transcripts and all the necessary information was kept in a locker to maintain confidentiality and all information was destroyed after completion of the study. The participants were also assured that their comments will not affect them about any bad thing.Result table 1 Distribution of demographic variables among the respondents (n=149)Demographic VariableGenderGender absolute frequencyPercentMaleFemale67824555AgeAge absolute frequencyPercent01-1011-2021-3031-4041-5051-6061-7071-8081-9091-100101-11006101435292318102114.06.79.323.519.515.412.16.71.40.70.7Educational StatusEducational levelFrequencyPercent uninformedLiterate1123775.224.8Marital StatusMarital StatusFrequencyPercentMarriedUnmarriedWidowcv202470.513.416.1Occupations of the ParticipantsOccupationFrequencyPercentfisher Man1.7 floriculture32.0Driver21.3Day laborer117.4 inert4228.2Housewife6140.9Student138.7other (Specify)1610.7Among 149 participants 82 (55%) were female and 67 (4 5%) were male. Female were predominantly higher than male. flirt with age of the participants was 45.52 (19.28) years, mode was 35. The range is 100 with stripped-down age 02 years and maximum 102 years. Among the participants the higher numbers of the participants were at the age of 35 years and the numbers were 13 (8.7%). The number of 18 years were 15 (10.1%), 60 years were 102 (68.4%) and 60 were 32 (21.5%). Majority of the participants were illiterate the numbers were 112 (75.2%) and 37 (24.8%) participants were literate those who complete their primary education. Majority of the participants were married the numbers were 105 (70.5%) followed by those who are widow the numbers were 24 (16.1%) and 20 (13.4%) participants were married. nuclear family were 76 (51%) whereas 72 (49.0%) participants were in extended family. Among total particepants housewife were 61(40.9%), trifling were 42 (28.2%), others 16 (10.7%), student 13(8.7%), Day labour 11(7.4%), Agriculture 3(2%) Driv er2 (1.3%) and Fisher man1 (.7%).Figure -1 Health problems among the participants (n=149) In this study 149 participants are gathered as sample, where there mean is 7.39 with standard deviation ( 3.28), median 9.0 and the mode was 10. Out of the 149 participants, 68 participants (45.6%) were had aggregate problems followed by those had other specific problems 25 participants (16.8%) handle musculoskeletal pain, visual problems and peptic ulcer. Urinary tract infection is the leading individual health problems among 17 participants (11.4%) had this problem, 16 (10.7%) participants had hypertension, 9 (6%) had respiratory tract infection, 5 (3.4%) had nutrition deficiency, 7 (4.75%) had diabetes mellitus and 2 (1.3%) had sanitation hygiene problems.Table 2 Type of health care and health care receive organization (n=149)Type of health careFrequencyPercentage musicCounselingLaboratory testReferralNothingMultiple Services8225564955.01.33.43.44.032.9Health care receive organizationFreq uencyPercentageRefugee Health unit (RHU)7550.3Handicap International (HI)10.7Others64.0Multiple Organizations (RHU, HI, ACF, RTMI)6745In this study among the 149 participants, 82 (55%) participants took medicine from RHU, 49 (32.9%) received multiple services like medicine, referral, laboratory test others, 5 (3.4%) received both laboratory test referral to other organizations 6 (4%) participants tell that they didnt received any treatment from health center And majority of the participants verbalize that they receive health services from RHU, the number was 75 (50.3%) followed by they received health services from multiple organizations like RHU, HI, ACF RTMI and 6 (4%) state that they receive services from others like MSF, health complexes.Table 3 Health care services that trifle the demands and the reason for not fulfill the demands (n=149)Health care services that flirt the demandsFrequencyPercentYes1711.4No4530.2Sometimes8758.4Reason that not fulfill the demandsFrequenc yPercentNot enough medicine bring out in the camps4731.4Narrow space in health unit53.4Lack of doctors2516.8Other53.4Not enough medicine Lack of doctors5033.6Among the 149 participants, only 11.4% (n=17) participants utter they have enough health services to meet their needs, 58.4% (n=87) said that sometimes they have enough health services to meet their needs and 30.2% (n=45) said that they have not enough health services to meet their needs and majority of the participants said they didnt meet needs because there is a lack of medicine supply doctors in the camps the number was 50 (33.6%) and 47 (31.4%) patients said that they didnt meet needs because there is a lack of medicine supply in camps.Figure 2 Expectation among the participants (n=149)Among the 149 participants, 56 (37.6%) participants said that they were need better services, majority of the participants said that they need multiple services includes more laboratory test, radiological imaging, more medicine more do ctors, 17 (11.4%) participants said that they need more medicine and 3 (2%) said that they require more referral, laboratory test radiological imaging.Figure 3 Satisfaction level among the participants (n=149)Among the 149 participants, only 16.1% (n=24) participants were satisfied with the quality of service received, 56.4% (n=84) said that they were sometimes satisfied after received services and 27.5% (n=41) said that they were not satisfied after received services.DiscussionThe result of this study showed that 45.6% participants were had multiple problems followed by 16.8% participants had other specific problems like musculoskeletal pain, visual problems and peptic ulcer. Urinary tract infection is the leading individual health problems, among the participants 11.4% had this problem, 10.7% participants had hypertension, 6% had respiratory tract infection, 3.4% had nutrition deficiency, 4.75% had diabetes mellitus and 1.3% had sanitation hygiene problems during the course of the study and also in this study it was found that among the participants the mean age of the participants was 45.52 (19.28) years. The range is 100 with minimum age 02 years and maximum 102 years. Among the participants the higher numbers of the participants were at the age of 35 years 8.7%. The numbers of 18 years were 10.1%, 60 years were 68.4% and 60 were 21.5%, the middle age people had mostly health problems. -nen C et al declared that health problems among refugees were frequently seen mostly at the early childhood in adult aged problems, a community based study was carried out by Turkish medical association stated that 25.0% children had sleeping disorder at the of below 18 years 24.0% have adult persons with the same problems (22).The study showed that, majority of the participants said that they receive health services from RHU, the number was 75 (50.3%) followed by they received health services from multiple organizations like RHU, HI, ACF RTMI and 6 (4%) said that t hey receive services from others like MSF, health complexes.The study showed that, only 16.1% participants were satisfied with the quality of service they received, 56.4% said that they were sometimes satisfied after received services and 27.5% said that they were not satisfied after received services, Among the 149 participants, 32.9% participants said that they were not satisfied because there is a lack of medicine supply in RHU, 13.4% participants were not satisfied because there is a lack of qualified doctor in RHU 38.9% participants stated that in RHU there is a lack of budget, lack of doctor, lack of medicine supply, lack of referral to other organization in timely, not gave proper medicine treatment lack of serial maintain during medicine collection thats why they were not satisfied.ConclusionFrom the above discussion it can be said that Rohingya refugees are not having rights to live as human being. Considering the importance of nationality crisis of the Rohingya and prob lems associated with these side by side(p) steps can be taken Supplies of adequate Medicine, Increase Doctors and Nurse, renew treatment, Increase Childcare hospital, Decrease pollution, Mass awareness of life inauspicious disease.Acknowledgement Author acknowledges the Kauvery Research Group for necessary support.Funding ego fundedConflict of Interest NoneReferencesAzad A, Jasmin F. Durable solutions to the protracted refugee situation The case of Rohingyas in Bangladesh. J Indian Res. 20131(4)25-35.Teng TS, Zalilah MS. Nutritional status of rohingya children in kuala lumpur. Malayan J Med Heal Sci. 20117(1)41-9.The Rohingya Refugee Situation in Bangladesh Evan Coutts American International schooltime / capital of Bangladesh Senior Project 2005. 20131-37.UNHCR WFP. Report of the WFP-UNHCR Joint Assessment Mission, Bangladesh. Assessment. 2010(June).Kemmer TM, Bovill ME, Kongsomboon W, Hansch SJ, Geisler KL, Cheney C, et al. fight deficiency is unacceptably high in refugee c hildren from Burma. J Nutr. 2003133(12)4143-9Department of Sociology University of Dhaka Nationality crisis and Rights of Rohingya Refugee Children A Sociological Analysis of Children s Rights in Bangladesh. 20142011-2.UNHCR. Bangladesh Analysis of Gaps in the Protection of Rohingya Refugees. 2007(May).Kiragu Angela Li Rosi Tim Morris E. UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES States of denial A go over of UNHCRs response to the protracted situation of stateless Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh. 2011(December).Karaman MA, Ricard RJ. Meeting the mental Health Needs of Syrian Refugees in Turkey. 20166(4)318-27.Eastern M, Studies S. OrtadouStratejik AratirmalarMerkezi Center for Middle Eastern Strategic Studies. 2015.TTB. War, Migration and Health Experience of Turkey. chromatic Cross. Children affected by armed conflict (CABAC). 2000(September)48-51.Gazi R, Mercer A, Wansom T, Kabir H, Saha NC, Azim T. An assessment of vulnerability to HIV infection of boatmen in Teknaf, Bangl adesh. Confl Health. 200825.Holland MSF, Fronti S, March H. 10 Years for the Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh Past , Present and Future. 2002(March)1-45.Socio-economic and family planning aspects of rural people in Bangladesh A case study of Comilla District. 20146(10)348580.Farzana KF. Music and Artistic Artefacts Symbols of Rohingya Identity and Everyday ohmic resistance in Borderlands. Austrian J South East Asian Stud Internet. 20114(2)215-36.Genocide IS, In O. Persecution of the Rohingya Muslims Persecution of the Rohingya Muslims. 2015(October).Herald M. Refugee Health- Research Barriers to access to health care for newly resettled Refugee Health Research. 2006185(11).Sharara SL, Kanj SS. War and infectious diseases challenges of the Syrian accomplished war. PLoS Pathog. 201410(10)e1004438.Cheung S. Migration control and the solutions impasse in South and Southeast Asia Implications from the Rohingya experience. J Refug Stud. 201225(1)50-70.AFAD. people influx from Syria to Turkey life in Turkey as a Syrian guest. 2014. 2014(1)152.-nen C, Gne G, Treme A, Aa P. printing and Anxiety Case among in Syrians that Live in a Refugee Camp. The journal of Academic Social Science. 20142(6)223-30.