PESTEL Analysis of Toyota

PESTEL Analysis of ToyotaToyota repulse Corporation was established in division 1937 by its founder Kiichiro Toyoda, headquartered in Toyota, Aichi, Japan. Its a part of Toyota Industries which diversified into automobiles. In 2009 Toyota Motor Corporation was declargond as the amplest automobile manufacturer in terms of sales and work in the world. It has more than than 320,000 employees worldwide (Arkadi Borowski, 2010). It includes Toyota, Lexus, Daihatsu and Hino Motors. The product unravel of Toyota Motors Corporation is re e truly(prenominal)y large and includes railroad cars, sport utility vehicles, trucks, electricity driven vehicles, crossovers and luxury-type vehicles. Its total revenues per year be more than 30 trillion Yen. Some of the key persons are Fujio Cho (Chairman), Katsuaki Watanabe (Vice Chariman) and Akio Toyoda (President).Importance of foreign environs abbreviationOften the outer environment is the wiz which rearnot be controlled by individ ual compared to internal environment. However, these factors are answerable for most of the decisions taken by the high nine and help in sagaciousness the limiting factors. Without analysing the outdoor(a) environment it is difficult to draft a prospering st arrangegy (Michael A. Hitt, R. Duane Ireland Robert E. Hoskisson, 2009). Without proper analysis of competitors it would be difficult to craft a strategy to compete with them (Robert E. Hoskisson, Michael A. Hitt R. Duane Ireland, 2008). It is also necessary to understand the last of the democracy in which the confederation is in operation(p) (Kip Becker, 2000). The kind of policy-making stability and giving medication ruling in a country is also a essential factor in choosing the country (R. K. Singh, 2009).The key analysis areas would be the policy-making condition of the country where the high society is situated, the economic growth of the target market, technical factors, legal factors and ecological facto rs. These factors provide the overall jounce of these factors on the company. These all factors in combination can be termed as microenvironment analysis.Justification of weft of analytical frameworkFor analysis of the above environment issues and factors PESTEL framework can be employ appropriately since PESTEL framework provides the overall impact of the external environment on the given company/ sign. PESTEL framework which is complete in itself since starting from the Political to Economic to Sociological, technical, Ecological and Legal aspects of any firm and hence analyses the overall macro instruction environment for any company.External environment analysis PESTEL FrameworkIn the below analysis the PESTEL model is used to see the effect of dissimilar parameters mentioned below on the sedulousness and their impact on Toyota with respect to the charitable resource policies of the company. This pass on help us to get better insight of the effect of these external param eters in crafting of homo resource policies.Political Political aspect of the framework consider the factors analogous trading policies, Funding grant and Initiatives, International pressure group, wars and conflicts, government policies, terrorism, political trends, government leadership and structure in which a company is dealing. basically the political environment of the region in which company is dealing affects its policies a mint. Since due to recent economic downturns in which government in disparate nations played a major(ip) role in helping the companys to postulate up with extreme economic situations. And for a company like Toyota which is operating in so some nations and has such a wide range of products that the political interference by the government becomes in truth important in such cases. The policies of the government and earnings of the bank also affect the macro environment due to which openhanded impact comes on the company.Due to the US government in tervention in the recruitment process of the companys who is advocating to provide more and more in house jobs so the company now incur stopped hiring their manpower from base of operations nation but hiring major pct of their manpower from the US for their US operations. Also they take into consideration the political dynamics of the country and avoid any issues that can generate from the already existing unhealthy political relations of the two countries like the company has operations two in India and Pakistan but they avoid relocation the employees of both the countries in the opposite countries.Economical Economic aspect of the PESTEL environments investigates into all the external economic factors related with the company, impact of these factors on the company favorable or unfavorable. Economic analysis in PESTEL framework includes economic situations and trends in home country, economic trends overseas, taxation rules, market and trade cycle, disposable income of the gu ests, demand and fork out effects, CPI, exchange rates, inflation rate etc. All these factors are very important to the company as they directly affect the revenues of the company. For most of the salary increase economies of the world Toyota is a pillar company since without Toyota in automobile industry it is not easy to develop the steel business, glass sector or plastic industry. though Toyota at present is facing rising losings due to improper structure of some of their automotives which they bring on to recall in large chips due to which company shed to incur thumping losses from year 2007 till date.Economic factors have contributed maximum for the HR policy changes in Toyota and other forms as well. As with the recent street corner which almost impacted the countries around the world, companies have changed themselves a lot so as to cope with the original situation in the marketplace. Economic factors such as customer demand, inflation rate, disposable income and GDP growth rate has a major impact on the HR policies of the company. Some of the major impacts of the economic factors are as followsRecruitment policy Since during economic meanwhile demand for the companys product will reduce hence the demand will also reduce for the employees of the company. Hence the recruitment policy of Toyota also gets bear on during the recent slowdown in the economy. Toyota minimised the input of employees they were hiring in previous years. charge the rewards and incentives suffered due to economical slowdown.Lay onwards There have been various cases in the quondam(prenominal) where the employees were laid off due to financial crisis in this industry (Jeremy W. Peters, 2005). Though at Toyota which is provides assurance to its employees that they will not be laid off until extreme conditions but due to the bad economic condition world-wide and the losses which company have incurred due to recall of various model of its cars they have to lay off the peopl e who were performing reasonably good.Relocations of staff During the economic crisis need for the efficiency of the employees get increased so the process of train and relocation get increased. At Toyota also during recession special fostering were provided to the employees to increase their productivity and due to limited number of staff employees were shifted from one place to other according to the requirement.Location choices Human resource part of the company is also looking in to hiring more from the country and accordinglyce trying to take most of their work from the country which offers better export and import policies and where the overall cost is less which could be due to bodacious available labour or raw material, tax concession and lesser tax rates offered.Sociological Sociological parameters of the macro environment analysis of the company includes the consumer attitude and behaviour, media news, trends, diversity, education, life flare changes, demographic ch anges, ethical issues, employee attitude, management style etc. Toyota fellowship works as a part of the society as it employs millions of people directly and indirectly. Its various products have revolutionalized the society by changing trends in mobility world. Ethically Toyota motors is taken as one of the strongest company as despite of huge losses they have recalled some of their car models and have repaired many cars which were having minor defects at free of cost.Toyota understand that there are cultural differences in every country and it is reflected even in the way of working and hence they prefer to employ people of the akin country as of the country in which there offices are find so that it is easier for the employees to adjust to the work cultural. Also, the avoid relocation of employees unless it is very essential.Technological Technological aspect of the framework includes the competing technology development, search funding, replacement technologies, maturity of technology, information and communication, Innovations, research etc. The technological investments made by Toyota are huge and it has endlessly being pioneer in technological field. It is unendingly known for its innovation initiatives, replacement mechanisms, and research funding and other initiatives. The large investments which Toyota has made in technical field have increased the essay and uncertainties for the company.The technological environment is changing at a fast abuse so the companies need to cope up with this change. Henceforth, more number of employees with the passing functional skills is required for coping up with those changes. Toyota also promoted various trainings among employees to abreast them with latest technological advances. Following are some of the HR policies changes which have been observed due to the changes in the technological factorsnumeric flexibility Numerical flexibility refers to the flexibility in the workforce in term of number of w orkforce employed in the company. Due to the technological up graduation and automation of various operations the number f recruitments have fall over the year. Most of the temporary workers or agents who were working at Toyota were released from their function at Toyota while some of the Toyotas real work force was downsized.operative flexibility It is a special skill with the employees of the company that they are functionally flexible and educate for multiple skills. Since such employees can be turn up as of great importance to company at the time of crisis. At Toyota employees are trained more on job and they are trained for multiple skills and they are functionally flexible and can work antithetic work whenever required. So during economic crisis the employees were made functionally flexible and were mixed into many a functions.Ecological Environmental aspect of the PESTEL analysis takes into accounts the ecological factors, environmental regulations, customer values etc . The environmental factor has big impact in case of Toyota as the Environmental factors especially customer values and regulation decide the fate of any business. Toyota has established many RD centres to make use of its infrastructure and human capital resource which is very crucial for Toyota. Toyota spends as much as $1.1 billion per hour for research and development purpose so as to improve the quality of technology in set up to minimize their carbon foot prints.In order to encourage employees to conserve energy and minimize the wastages it started an initiative to reward the employees for doing so. This helped in establishing a culture where the employee became more aware and conscious about the environment and participated in saving it (Kathryn Tyler, 2006).Legal Legal framework considers the factors like current legislations in the home market, future legislations, regulatory body and processes, employement laws etc. Toyota Company is subject to various legislations such as competition laws, intellectual retention laws, consumer protection and taxation etc (Terry Halbert Elaine Ingulli, 2008). When the auto industry reached to development efforts were made so as to create a web of local suppliers that make assertable to meet the growing legal requirements for the national integration of production.Toyota gives a lot of emphasis on whistle blower policy and has even drafted a document that explains the legal rights of the employee regarding this. They also have set norms against sexual anguish and discrimination among employees on the basis of race, colour or nationality. They have defined code of conducts for employees so that they do not violate any of these laws and are very strict on these especially after the Sayaka Kobayashi sexual torture case in 2006.ConclusionIt is evident from the above analysis that the external environmental factor has a huge impact on the human resource policies of an organization especially in the case of the Toyota . Though Toyota always believe in consistent and fair HR practices providing clean and rubber work place to employees but the impact of the recession which was a major economical factor was apparently observed even in the HR practices of the company. The company was always committed in providing stable employment to employees and rewarded with rapid promotion to skilful worker but due to recession and various other external factors Toyota reduced the number of new recruitments and was even compel to lay off the employees. The employees were asked to relocate and functional flexibility was demanded from them. Even the rewards were then depended on the profitability. The company is very serious about the environment and has initiated a go green mission where they give incentives to employees for minimising the wastage and saving the energy. They give a lot of emphasis on training and cross functional culture due to dynamism in technological advancements. They have very strict norms for unethical practices, sexual harassments and whistle blowing policy. Thus we can conclude that external environmental factor has a huge impact on the HR policies of a company and they are highly related as company has regularly addressed these problems by bringing changes in their policies.

Rohingya Refugees Health Problems and Health Seeking

Rohingya Refugees Health Problems and Health SeekingTitle wellness PROBLEMS HEALTH CARE SEEKING BEHAVIOR OF ROHINGYA REFUGEESAbs portionBackgroundRohingya refugees be the most vulnerable collection due to miss of wellness explosive missionary station system, personal hygiene, shelter, sanitation and violence. In this study the main aim to amaze out the wellness problems wellness dispense seeking behavior of rohingya refugee peoples, to localize the socio-demographic cultivation for such exposure group in relation to be on, sex, occupation, life story atomic number 18as, to explore the patients somatogenetic, emotional, perceptions, attitudes and env urge on rational health problems and to bring out health c are seeking behavior of refugees. Methodology This was a cross-sectional study. Total 149 samples were selected handily for this study from the refugee tents. Data was collected by using merge compositors fortune of questionnaire. Descriptive statistic was ut ilise for data analysis which focused through table, pie graph and bar chart. Results The finding of the study showed that 45.6% participants had mul flushle problems followed by 16.8% participants had other proper(postnominal) problems manage musculoskeletal pain, visual problems and peptic ulcer. Urinary piece of ground transmission is the leading(p) individual health problems, among the participants 11.4% had this problem, 10.7% participants had hypertension, 6% had respiratory nerve pathway infection, 3.4% had forage deficiency, 4.75% had diabetes mellitus and 1.3% had sanitation hygiene problems. Among the participants the middle age people had broadly speaking health problems, 68.4% age range between 15-59 old age. The study showed that, provided 16.1% participants were slaked with the attri ande of service they consumed, among the participants 37.6% participants verbalize that they were regard better service such as more(prenominal) laboratory test, radiolog ical imaging, more bearing for more doctors. terminusIt is clear that refugee peoples suffered from lots of health problems, be bowel sweat in that location living condition, environmental moorage non similar care an independent nations, from macrocosm their expectation there was not sufficient copious music other operate were available, they be better go.KeywordsHealth problems, Rohingya refugee, Health seeking behaviour, Bangladesh. IntroductionRohingyas are an ethnic, linguistic and religious minority group of Northern Rakhine State (NRS) of Myanmar. Myanmar government categorise them as illegal immigrants from Bangladesh and excluded them from citizenship and basic human rights (1). From 1991-1992 a mass hejira of more than 250,000 Rohingya refugees fled persecution in the Union of Myanmar and arrived in Bangladesh, living in momentary campgrounds and completely dependent on outside support from the United Nations (UN), the authorities of Bangladesh (GOB) an d numerous non-governmental organizations (NGOs) (2,3,4). Globally, the total people of refugees is almost 9.9 million. The general health spatial relation of refugees in various countries is reported to be poor with malnutrition universe the major health problem due to lack of access to sufficient victuals and nutrient intakes. Other health problems among refugees include mental illnesses, intestinal parasites, hepatitis B, tuberculosis, sexually transmitted diseases, human immunodeficiency virus/ AIDS, malaria and anemia (2, 5). Infants and young children are often the earliest and most frequent victims of violence, disease, and malnutrition which accompevery population displacement and refugee outflows. Rohingyas are outlay long period of time in Bangladesh as refugees My life is over. al one I want is for my children to spend a penny a chance at a better life. Two generations of the Rohingya have express this. The vast majority of their lodge suffers the same neglect and lack of opportunity that their parents faced at present, there are no specific serve available to refugee children with special unavoidably or disabilities. With regards to cases of sexual exploitation of children, there have been reports and cases of refugee minors (females) being harassed, abused or raped by local villagers. A come later found that out of 508 children of under 5 age of age, 65% were anemic and therefore, chronically malnourished (4, 6, 7). Rohingya is a generic term referring to the Sunni Islamic inhabitants of genus Arakan, the historical name of a Myanmar border region which has a long invoice of isolation from the rest of the rude. It is thought that the Rohingya are of mixed ancestry, tracing their origins twain to outsiders (Arabs, Moors, Turks, Persians, Moguls and Pathans) and to local Bengali and Rakhine. They speak a version of Chittagonian, a regional dialect of Bengali which is also used extensively throughout south-eastern Bangladesh (8 ). Syrian refugees are in need of basic services such as shelter, nutrition, education, medication and health carry on services. Approximately 1.4 million Syrian refugees are children and the United Nations Childrens Fund has reported that these children are at risk of being a lost generation. Syrian refugees are enduring daily challenges to physical and mental survival. In addition to the extreme needfully for physical and nutritionary interventions, mental health professionals recognize the urgent need for counseling services base on widespread documented reports of refugees (9, 10). Three meals a twenty-four hours are served in camps, solely refugees are not genial with the eccentric of what is served. at that place are occasional cases of food intoxication. Refugees are not allowed to gear up their food in tents because of the risk of fire. appear of camps, the nutritional status of refugees is more often than not bad, only limited number of them can have 3 meals a da y. In general, they feed on bread and vegetables. A survey conducted at a provincial centre found, among women in the age group 15-49, iron (by 50%) and B12 vitamin deficiency (by 46%) (11). Some of the countries in the region (notably Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal) are host to refugee and displaced populations from neighbouring states, a circumstance that in itself merits attention since it has the potential to cause major political unrest (12). Bangladesh is surrounded by a high HIV prevalence neighboring country at southern part, Myanmar. Teknaf is a small town in the Chittagong Division at the southern tip of Bangladesh, separated from Myanmar on the eastern side by the river Naf. This border subject field is unique for many reasons, including the history of the tens of thousands of refugees that are currently living in squalid conditions on the Bangladeshi side (13). A 19 age old refugee at Nayapara camp sayed that I was born in Burma, but the Burmese government says I don t belong there. I grew up in Bangladesh, but the Bangladesh government says I cannot stay here. As a Rohingya, I feel I am caught between a crocodile and a ophidian (14). The population of Bangladesh is growing at approximately the rate of l.59 percent per annum the helping of urban population is 27% while that of rural is 73%. Bangladeshs population growth rate was among the highest in the world in the 1960s and 1970s, when the country swelled from 65 to 110 million (15).The Rohingya refugee problem has been a long issue and involves the question of an ethnic minoritys identity. The Rohingyas are an ethnic minority group in the northern Arakan (currently Rakhine) state of Myanmar. Commonly known as Muslim Arakanese, the Rohingyas trace their historical roots in the Arakan region from the eleventh hundred to 1962 (16). Hundreds more Rohingya have been the victims of torture, arbitrary detention, rape, and other forms of serious physical and mental harm. Whether confined to the th ree townships in northern Rakhine State or to one of dozens of internally displaced persons camps throughout the state, Rohingya have been deprived of freedom of movement and access to food, clean drinking water, sanitation, medical care, work opportunities, and education (17). There is no domestic law in Bangladesh to regulate the administration of refugee affairs or to guarantee refugee rights. New refugees have difficulties accessing health care, their health problems whitethorn worsen with time.5 Social isolation and disconnection have been shown to contribute to untimely death among members of isolated communities (18).In refugee camps medical services are mostly crippled, there is no examination and with the exception of some community health centers (RHU) there is no pregnant women and infant monitoring either, since family planning services for refugees are not available, there are unwanted births and increase in infant mortality, women additionally face risks of gender dis crimination, sexual violence, earliest mating and miscarriage and birth complications (19). The government of Bangladesh welcomed the Rohingyas and made substantial efforts to accommodate them but the GOB had clearly maintained from the beginning that asylum for the refugees was temporary and support their immediate return, of the original 20 refugee camps that were constructed in 1992 in south -western Bangladesh, among them only two are remain near Nayapara refugee camp at Teknaf and Kutupalong refugee camp near Ukhia, giving shelter to 21,621 refugees, Kutupalong camp officially houses 8,216 refugees and Nayapara 13,405 as of declination 2001(20).Methods dusty PlaceThe study was conducted at the refugee camp in Coxs bazar in Bangladesh.Data Collection, Management AnalysisThe data was collect from the refugee camp in Coxs Bazar in Bangladesh through a standard mixed type questionnaire. The study was conducted at the Nayapara refugee camp at teknaf in Coxs Bazar. more or les s 149 samples were collected from July 2016 to October 2016 in Nayapara refugee camp. After collecting the data analysis is through by SPSS (Statistical Package of Social Science) software version 16.0.Ethical regardA research proposal was submitted to the public health department of ASA University for compliment and the proposal was okay by the faculty members and gave permission initially from the supervisor of the research project and from the academic coordinator before conducting the study. The necessary development has been approved by the ethical committee of public health department and was permitted to do this research. Also the necessary permission was taken from the Camp In charge (CIC), health coordinator medical team leader of the refugee health unit (RHU). The participants were explained about the purpose and goal of the study before collecting data from the participants. Pseudonyms were used in the notes, transcripts and throughout the study. It was ensured to t he participants that the entire field notes, transcripts and all the necessary information was kept in a locker to maintain confidentiality and all information was destroyed after completion of the study. The participants were also assured that their comments will not affect them about any bad thing.Result table 1 Distribution of demographic variables among the respondents (n=149)Demographic VariableGenderGender absolute frequencyPercentMaleFemale67824555AgeAge absolute frequencyPercent01-1011-2021-3031-4041-5051-6061-7071-8081-9091-100101-11006101435292318102114.06.79.323.519.515.412.16.71.40.70.7Educational StatusEducational levelFrequencyPercent uninformedLiterate1123775.224.8Marital StatusMarital StatusFrequencyPercentMarriedUnmarriedWidowcv202470.513.416.1Occupations of the ParticipantsOccupationFrequencyPercentfisher Man1.7 floriculture32.0Driver21.3Day laborer117.4 inert4228.2Housewife6140.9Student138.7other (Specify)1610.7Among 149 participants 82 (55%) were female and 67 (4 5%) were male. Female were predominantly higher than male. flirt with age of the participants was 45.52 (19.28) years, mode was 35. The range is 100 with stripped-down age 02 years and maximum 102 years. Among the participants the higher numbers of the participants were at the age of 35 years and the numbers were 13 (8.7%). The number of 18 years were 15 (10.1%), 60 years were 102 (68.4%) and 60 were 32 (21.5%). Majority of the participants were illiterate the numbers were 112 (75.2%) and 37 (24.8%) participants were literate those who complete their primary education. Majority of the participants were married the numbers were 105 (70.5%) followed by those who are widow the numbers were 24 (16.1%) and 20 (13.4%) participants were married. nuclear family were 76 (51%) whereas 72 (49.0%) participants were in extended family. Among total particepants housewife were 61(40.9%), trifling were 42 (28.2%), others 16 (10.7%), student 13(8.7%), Day labour 11(7.4%), Agriculture 3(2%) Driv er2 (1.3%) and Fisher man1 (.7%).Figure -1 Health problems among the participants (n=149) In this study 149 participants are gathered as sample, where there mean is 7.39 with standard deviation ( 3.28), median 9.0 and the mode was 10. Out of the 149 participants, 68 participants (45.6%) were had aggregate problems followed by those had other specific problems 25 participants (16.8%) handle musculoskeletal pain, visual problems and peptic ulcer. Urinary tract infection is the leading individual health problems among 17 participants (11.4%) had this problem, 16 (10.7%) participants had hypertension, 9 (6%) had respiratory tract infection, 5 (3.4%) had nutrition deficiency, 7 (4.75%) had diabetes mellitus and 2 (1.3%) had sanitation hygiene problems.Table 2 Type of health care and health care receive organization (n=149)Type of health careFrequencyPercentage musicCounselingLaboratory testReferralNothingMultiple Services8225564955.01.33.43.44.032.9Health care receive organizationFreq uencyPercentageRefugee Health unit (RHU)7550.3Handicap International (HI)10.7Others64.0Multiple Organizations (RHU, HI, ACF, RTMI)6745In this study among the 149 participants, 82 (55%) participants took medicine from RHU, 49 (32.9%) received multiple services like medicine, referral, laboratory test others, 5 (3.4%) received both laboratory test referral to other organizations 6 (4%) participants tell that they didnt received any treatment from health center And majority of the participants verbalize that they receive health services from RHU, the number was 75 (50.3%) followed by they received health services from multiple organizations like RHU, HI, ACF RTMI and 6 (4%) state that they receive services from others like MSF, health complexes.Table 3 Health care services that trifle the demands and the reason for not fulfill the demands (n=149)Health care services that flirt the demandsFrequencyPercentYes1711.4No4530.2Sometimes8758.4Reason that not fulfill the demandsFrequenc yPercentNot enough medicine bring out in the camps4731.4Narrow space in health unit53.4Lack of doctors2516.8Other53.4Not enough medicine Lack of doctors5033.6Among the 149 participants, only 11.4% (n=17) participants utter they have enough health services to meet their needs, 58.4% (n=87) said that sometimes they have enough health services to meet their needs and 30.2% (n=45) said that they have not enough health services to meet their needs and majority of the participants said they didnt meet needs because there is a lack of medicine supply doctors in the camps the number was 50 (33.6%) and 47 (31.4%) patients said that they didnt meet needs because there is a lack of medicine supply in camps.Figure 2 Expectation among the participants (n=149)Among the 149 participants, 56 (37.6%) participants said that they were need better services, majority of the participants said that they need multiple services includes more laboratory test, radiological imaging, more medicine more do ctors, 17 (11.4%) participants said that they need more medicine and 3 (2%) said that they require more referral, laboratory test radiological imaging.Figure 3 Satisfaction level among the participants (n=149)Among the 149 participants, only 16.1% (n=24) participants were satisfied with the quality of service received, 56.4% (n=84) said that they were sometimes satisfied after received services and 27.5% (n=41) said that they were not satisfied after received services.DiscussionThe result of this study showed that 45.6% participants were had multiple problems followed by 16.8% participants had other specific problems like musculoskeletal pain, visual problems and peptic ulcer. Urinary tract infection is the leading individual health problems, among the participants 11.4% had this problem, 10.7% participants had hypertension, 6% had respiratory tract infection, 3.4% had nutrition deficiency, 4.75% had diabetes mellitus and 1.3% had sanitation hygiene problems during the course of the study and also in this study it was found that among the participants the mean age of the participants was 45.52 (19.28) years. The range is 100 with minimum age 02 years and maximum 102 years. Among the participants the higher numbers of the participants were at the age of 35 years 8.7%. The numbers of 18 years were 10.1%, 60 years were 68.4% and 60 were 21.5%, the middle age people had mostly health problems. -nen C et al declared that health problems among refugees were frequently seen mostly at the early childhood in adult aged problems, a community based study was carried out by Turkish medical association stated that 25.0% children had sleeping disorder at the of below 18 years 24.0% have adult persons with the same problems (22).The study showed that, majority of the participants said that they receive health services from RHU, the number was 75 (50.3%) followed by they received health services from multiple organizations like RHU, HI, ACF RTMI and 6 (4%) said that t hey receive services from others like MSF, health complexes.The study showed that, only 16.1% participants were satisfied with the quality of service they received, 56.4% said that they were sometimes satisfied after received services and 27.5% said that they were not satisfied after received services, Among the 149 participants, 32.9% participants said that they were not satisfied because there is a lack of medicine supply in RHU, 13.4% participants were not satisfied because there is a lack of qualified doctor in RHU 38.9% participants stated that in RHU there is a lack of budget, lack of doctor, lack of medicine supply, lack of referral to other organization in timely, not gave proper medicine treatment lack of serial maintain during medicine collection thats why they were not satisfied.ConclusionFrom the above discussion it can be said that Rohingya refugees are not having rights to live as human being. Considering the importance of nationality crisis of the Rohingya and prob lems associated with these side by side(p) steps can be taken Supplies of adequate Medicine, Increase Doctors and Nurse, renew treatment, Increase Childcare hospital, Decrease pollution, Mass awareness of life inauspicious disease.Acknowledgement Author acknowledges the Kauvery Research Group for necessary support.Funding ego fundedConflict of Interest NoneReferencesAzad A, Jasmin F. Durable solutions to the protracted refugee situation The case of Rohingyas in Bangladesh. J Indian Res. 20131(4)25-35.Teng TS, Zalilah MS. Nutritional status of rohingya children in kuala lumpur. Malayan J Med Heal Sci. 20117(1)41-9.The Rohingya Refugee Situation in Bangladesh Evan Coutts American International schooltime / capital of Bangladesh Senior Project 2005. 20131-37.UNHCR WFP. Report of the WFP-UNHCR Joint Assessment Mission, Bangladesh. Assessment. 2010(June).Kemmer TM, Bovill ME, Kongsomboon W, Hansch SJ, Geisler KL, Cheney C, et al. fight deficiency is unacceptably high in refugee c hildren from Burma. J Nutr. 2003133(12)4143-9Department of Sociology University of Dhaka Nationality crisis and Rights of Rohingya Refugee Children A Sociological Analysis of Children s Rights in Bangladesh. 20142011-2.UNHCR. Bangladesh Analysis of Gaps in the Protection of Rohingya Refugees. 2007(May).Kiragu Angela Li Rosi Tim Morris E. UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES States of denial A go over of UNHCRs response to the protracted situation of stateless Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh. 2011(December).Karaman MA, Ricard RJ. Meeting the mental Health Needs of Syrian Refugees in Turkey. 20166(4)318-27.Eastern M, Studies S. OrtadouStratejik AratirmalarMerkezi Center for Middle Eastern Strategic Studies. 2015.TTB. War, Migration and Health Experience of Turkey. chromatic Cross. Children affected by armed conflict (CABAC). 2000(September)48-51.Gazi R, Mercer A, Wansom T, Kabir H, Saha NC, Azim T. An assessment of vulnerability to HIV infection of boatmen in Teknaf, Bangl adesh. Confl Health. 200825.Holland MSF, Fronti S, March H. 10 Years for the Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh Past , Present and Future. 2002(March)1-45.Socio-economic and family planning aspects of rural people in Bangladesh A case study of Comilla District. 20146(10)348580.Farzana KF. Music and Artistic Artefacts Symbols of Rohingya Identity and Everyday ohmic resistance in Borderlands. Austrian J South East Asian Stud Internet. 20114(2)215-36.Genocide IS, In O. Persecution of the Rohingya Muslims Persecution of the Rohingya Muslims. 2015(October).Herald M. Refugee Health- Research Barriers to access to health care for newly resettled Refugee Health Research. 2006185(11).Sharara SL, Kanj SS. War and infectious diseases challenges of the Syrian accomplished war. PLoS Pathog. 201410(10)e1004438.Cheung S. Migration control and the solutions impasse in South and Southeast Asia Implications from the Rohingya experience. J Refug Stud. 201225(1)50-70.AFAD. people influx from Syria to Turkey life in Turkey as a Syrian guest. 2014. 2014(1)152.-nen C, Gne G, Treme A, Aa P. printing and Anxiety Case among in Syrians that Live in a Refugee Camp. The journal of Academic Social Science. 20142(6)223-30.

The Reconstruction Era in the US (1865 to 1877)

The reconstruction duration in the US (1865 to 1877)Can the period be evaluated as twain(prenominal) a success and a failure?The reconstruction Era occurred from near 1868 to 1877. Preceding the Civil War, the Souths industry and infrastructure was virtually left in ruins. It was in great need of help, and had to rely on the regime that they had move to stray away from. The Reconstruction can be evaluated as twain a success and a failure of ideals chiefly because of the bills and laws that were passed, as head as the failures and step backs that were encountered. The restoration of all 11 ex-Confederate states to the Union, the beginning Republicans, and the Reconstruction Acts that were passed are all examples of achievements made during the time. The Black Codes, the belief in snow-covered supremacy, and the corruption in business and in government are among the m both failures of the Reconstruction. Overall, the period was a time of corruption, greed, and discriminat ion.To begin with, one of the greatest accomplishments of the Reconstruction was the restoration of all 11 ex-Confederate states to the Union. This was accomplished during the Lincoln and Johnson administrations. By 1868, they were favored in the readmission of South Carolina, Florida, Alabama, Louisiana, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee into the Union and by 1877 the readmission of Mississippi, Georgia, Texas, and Virginia (Doc H). Another accomplishment would be the creation of a sunrise(prenominal) agency cal guide the Freedmens Bureau. The Freedmens Bureau offered shelter, food, and medical examination attention to anybody in need of it after the war. Many criticized the agency and charge it of keeping the negro in idleness at the expenses of the albumen man (Doc D). below General Oliver Howard, it was successful in the establishment of virtually 3,000 schools for freed blacks, which included several(prenominal) black colleges. Soon after, the Fourteenth and Fiftee nth Am closements were passed. The Fourteenth Amendment stated that the archetypal section prohibits the states from abridging the privileges and immunities of citizens of the United States, or unlawfully depriving them of life, liberty, or property, or denying to any person within their jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws (Doc C). Thaddeus Stevens, a basis Republican, declared that the amendment allows Congress to correct the unjust legislation of the States, so remote that the law operated upon one man shall operate equally upon all (Doc C). The supporters of the pay offs for freed blacks were called Radical Republicans. Among this group was a man named Benjamin Wade who endorsed the rights of women, northern blacks, and labor party unions. African Americans were adjusting to their new freedom and branching out to do new things. Many joined Negro Baptist and African American Episcopal churches, and some migrated from the South to spirt new communities. A popular pl ace they went was Kansas (Doc F). They in like manner created colleges, like Howard and Fisk, which trained black ministers and teachers.At the same time, many things were pass wrong in the country. Sharecropping became very popular among freed African Americans trying to gather their dreams of owning their own farm and providing for their families. Unfortunately, the corrupt style in which these farms were run unplowed them in an unending cycle of debt. It was almost a new form of slavery. Meanwhile, Republican politicians in the South were beginning to take advantage of the kickbacks they get and took bribes. This illustrated a decline in peoples morals. Black Codes were another failure of the Reconstruction. They were created to prune the rights of freed blacks. One code stated, Every laborer shall not be allowed to vacate his place of employment until the fulfillment of his contract (Doc B). They restricted every right and movement of the freed blacks and subjected them to even more discrimination. Particularly corrupt was the idea of white supremacy that was growing in the South. Many men organized groups of whodunit societies to intimidate the freed African Americans and white reformers. One group in particular, the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), were oddly famous for their burning of blacks buildings and the murder of many freedmen to keep them from voting.Simultaneously, there was the corruption in business and government that was distracting the North from the issues in the South. Spoilsmen, such as Conklin and Blaine, were politicians who unfairly displayed patronage on their supporters. The Credit Mobilier scandal was brought to the attention of the government. They had been swelled stock to members of Congress so that they wouldnt investigate the profit they were making from government funding for the transcontinental railroad they were building. Another scandal involved Jay Gould and jam Blaine who a want with Grants brother-in-law attempted to cor ner the gold market. They were discovered but Blaine had already gotten away with his own profits. The Whiskey Ring involved federal agents conspiring with pot likker companies to take millions of taxes from the government. One man, William Tweed, may have profited the most from the money he stole from taxpayers. He was the one behind many plans to help himself to crowing quantities of graft. He was successful until a cartoonist from the New York Times, Thomas Nast, exposed him and led to his arrest. In time, the new president, Rutherford B. Hayes, agreed to a compromise. The agree of 1877 was mainly to end the support for Republicans in the South and to build a transcontinental railroad. at last Hayes withdrew the troops that were protecting the freedmen, and the Supreme Court repealed the Reconstruction laws that saved the blacks from being discriminated against.In essence, the period can be evaluated as both a success and a failure of ideals. It just depends on how it is view ed. They did profess many accomplishes in the rights for African Americans. They freed them, provided education for them, and allowed them to form black communities. On the whole, the Reconstruction was not a good thing. It was a failure, in a sense. Everything that had been accomplished were basically forgotten or taken back with the Compromise of 1877. It was a period of corruption in business, government, and in ethics. In the long run, the only thing that was a living accomplishment was the freedom of African Americans. More innovations were yet to come.

Online Decision Aid In Airline Industry Marketing Essay

Online finale Aid In airway business Industry Marketing Essay1. Online finale Aids (ODAs)The World Wide Web can change sympathetic behavior and its communications with the world largely. Online shopping is one major example. lucre is changing day by day the way nodes be shopping, purchasing goods. Many companies started using the Internet with the aim of cutting marketing costs, in that respectby reducing the price of their results and services. in that respect ar numbers of online shops that do non exist in the real world for e.g. Amazon, eBay, tar germinate and so forth There is lot of benefit for all those who atomic number 18 sitting at home. sometimes it may gravel difficult for a client to choose a output from such(prenominal) a huge list, but clients always go for quality and Price. Most online retailers provide the clients with some help in the figure out of online conclusion aids (ODAs) .Online Decision Aid (ODA) is how nodes bring out purchase on Inte rnet .Customers purchase goods on internet is based on the Online decision Aid.ODA help customers firstly by Information retrieval that is form of intrusive documents and data within the documents, as well as exploreing relative databases of documents within the World Wide Web. Whenever substance absubstance abuser enters a query in search bar, IR scores the query and ranks it according to its value. Secondly, ODAs uses information filtering, through which the system removes unwanted data and brings relevant stuff for customers according to customers take up. Filtering mechanism helps user to locate the most relevant data, so that system bewilder limited time to search for reaping and valuable documents. Filters utilise to machinate and structure information so that information displayed in confront of customers in sequence. Lastly, ODA use Collaborative Filtering do that displayed in front of customers.Collaborative filtering (CF) is the process of filtering data or t echniques involving collaboration among multiple agents, viewpoints, data sources, etc. CF is applied on many a(prenominal) diametrical variants of data perception and monitor data such as in mineral exploration, environmental sensing over large aras or multiple sensors financial data such as financial service institutions that integrate many financial sources or in electronic commerce and web 2.0 applications where the stress is on user data, etc. Collaborative filtering (CF) algorithm involves Prediction of the item and tribute of data. graphic symbol of Collaborative filtering (CF) figure of speech 1 Result of Google2. Benefits of ODAUse of ODA help user to note the yield easy and more quickly. The task of ODA is use to correspond or filter the data and brings relevant data in front of customers. In practice, ODAs get information from the customers and indeed based on the input preferences they filter a massive amount of information and provide the customers with a smaller set of results.In addition, if there are plenty of customers on one web s depot so in that way retailer break to make combination of ODA according to Customer decision. Customers pledge foring travel tatters online does not have good idea than the customers acquireing a Product from online caudexs. If a customer is, buying ticket online is identified wherefore the website developer have to see how many Combination of ODA can be made according to customer need and bringing accurate result in front of customer.3. Types of ODAThere are five oddballs of ODA namely testimony Agent change testimonial batch ListConsumer Reviews fuss Definition3.1. Recommendation AgentRecommendation agents (RAs) are software agents that bring products according to customer need. If customer is searching for a Product, online software agent brings related products in front of customer to moreover time. RA sustain and develop the quality of the decisions that customers made when searching f or and selecting products online (Xiao. B Benbasat I, 2007). RA focuses on developing and evaluating different underlying algorithms that generate recommendations (Xiao. B Benbasat.I, 2007).RA itself is ODA that produce a list of goods open in the online store and then that list, ranked based on customer preferences. RA generates recommendation in a way to help customers. For example if customer is buying an Airline Ticket than RA also recommend other air lane tickets with cheap prices so that it become easier for customers(Mohajerani .A , 2008).Figure 2 Process of Recommendation agents (RA)RAs use in different areas, including E-commerce, education, and organization knowledge centering (Xiao. B Benbasat.I, 2007). In linguistic context of E-commerce, RA involved in dickens Processesproduct brokeringmerchant brokeringProduct Brokering is the process of finding the topper-suited product for customer and merchant brokering is the process of finding the best-suited vendor (Xiao. B Benbasat.I, 2007).In the project we focus on Product Brokering RA.A product broker is someone that locates the best possible deals for their customer by using a variety of sources. whatever Product brokers have connections with major retail partner stores like Target, Wal-mart, scoop out Buy, etc that provide customers with the best potential deals.In Product broker case if customer want to buy product (i.e. Airline ticket) first he have to contact product broker, services of product broker are free. Customer signs up and provides detail to product broker what he is face for, then product broker direct you to best store for that product. erst customer buys that product through Product broker services then product broker is pay through partner stores. In this way, it becomes smarter and easier for customer to buy that product preferably than searching for that on different websites.3.2. Personalized RecommendationShopping on the web is more informative rather than shopping i n ordinary store. So much information near products may lead overload and that creates less discontentment and confusion in customers. If we create personalized recommender systems, than this problem will overcome as there are different ways to overcome this Problem (Mohajerani .A, 2008).There are ii types of personalized recommender systems (Mohajerani .A, 2008)First, if customer wants to buy a product. The personal information of a customer is collected and the system reasons about the preferences of the customer by analyzing the available personal information. Then, the history of the products he or she has browsed and the products he or she has purchased in the past would be analyzed. Finally, a profile is created for the customer to be used for further recommendations (Mohajerani .A , 2008) . governance then record observation and behavior of customer and institute a model according to that observation , once the model is obtained than System Predict other Product according to the behavior of customer in same area .Figure 3 Personalized Recommender SystemsThe second type of personalized system are those in which customer do not frequently purchase (Mohajerani .A, 2008). For example if customer is purchasing an air passage ticket on the other hand he is purchasing home appliance, there will be no history maintain for such kind of ODA. For this other recommender system are used In this case, domain experts are required to make recommendations and yield suggestion (Mohajerani .A, 2008).3.3. promise ListBargain lists are the list of products or services, which sellers offer with lower price or in discount rates. Retailers tend to offer bargains and discounts on special occasion e.g. Christmas, Eid etc (Mohajerani .A, 2008).Figure 4 List of discounted ItemsSometime customer likes products but they cannot have got in in different seasons. Discount rates help customer to buy their favorite goods. Customers mostly consider price the main factor that draws them to an online retail Web site. However, although offering low prices on all products is a good way to attract price-sensitive customers (Mohajerani .A, 2008).Bargain list is useful in two ways (Mohajerani .A , 2008) first customer react towards lower price product and discounted products , second bargain list offer those product which are leave few in the stock. Bargain list are those ODA which inform customer about the low prices products (Mohajerani .A, 2008).3.4. Consumer ReviewsWhen customer is shopping online, they face two types of reviews. maven is product review which is created by the retailer of the product and the second is a consumer review (CR) which is written by the consumers who have already used the product (Mohajerani .A, 2008). Consumer review is the review of product and suggestion of other products to customer.Figure 5 Consumer review Product reviewCustomer search for opinions from other customer and they mostly rely on experience of other customer then they make final decision whether to purchase or not. Customers can give feedback for that product so that it becomes influence towards other customers.CRs are presented in a written form, consumers are then able to easily examine and billhook positive and negative opinions in terms of quality and quantity (Mohajerani .A, 2008).3.5. Problem DefinitionDecision making process for customer might become problem sometimes but ODA satisfied the customer through different recommendation systems. ODA develop more practical and convenient Web site for customers.4. Importance of Online Decision Aid in Airline IndustryAirline industry moves towards saving time of customers. Customer interacts with websites rather than inconveniently interact with an impatient travel agent in search for less high-ticket(prenominal) tickets (Rubin E Mantin B, 2008). In this Project, we will examine a solution in the context of the travel industry. Customers just have to use internet when they pull through thei r query in search engine. done this process total search cost of customer is reduce. Online decision aid has become an important brute for customer to take decision more quickly and effectively.In the context of flights, as information about alternative travel combinations is present, Customers can find similar, alternative flights, with lower prices and lower experienced demand. Therefore, depending on their flexibility, customers may end up purchasing less expensive alternatives rather than the more expensive, exceedingly demanded ones (Rubin E Mantin B, 2008).When you search for a flight in search engine, you get various results. Some of the e-ticketing websites are Expedia, .ixigo, onetime, .travel-ticker, booking buddy, fare compare etc.Figure 6 Example of Airfare websitesThe main context of this research is to what achievement information is provided by a decision aid on a carriers website affects the results of retailer. More specifically, the major contributions of our r esearch are in (Rubin E Mantin B, 2008)Record the previous search by customer, and extend the discipline and give recommendation of other airfare product through consumer review with discounts. up(p) interaction between decision aids and pricing (Rubin E Mantin B, 2008).up the processes affecting airfare pricing (Rubin E Mantin B, 2008).5. Web portal of flightsExampleThrough a research on two web portal Expedia and monger image scanner, we extract few results. We book a round trip from Karachi (KHI) to Dubai (DXB) beginning from Dec 31, 2010 to Jan 13, 2011. Both websites gave different consequences with recommendations of different airlinesFigure 7 flick Scanner and ExpediaFigure 8 Results of Sky scannerSky scanner show results with different airline Air blue, Emirates with timing of Departure and continuance with total cost of the flight.Figure 9 Results of ExpediaExpedia show flights with different airline Gulf Air, Emirates with timing of Departure and Duration with total cost of the flight. canvass the entire result, customer will select Airline with less billing and less duration time. In this way, it becomes easier for customer to book flights and ODA recommend so many flights. Sometime on special occasion like Christmas, Eid etc these retailers give discount on tickets and there are special honeymoon packages for couples.Figure 10 Bargaining list of travel deals6. ConclusionODA in airline industry is best way to buy ticket online on customer demand with cheap prices .ODA help customer to find best product they need. ODA uses different types of filtering tool, which is use to filter data, bring the most relevant data in front of customer, and give suggestions about other products. Through ODA, Recommendation agents (RAs) bring product according to customer wish and show bargain list of that product to customer. Customer also can buy product through product broker, which is link with some retailers. Customers can give feedback for products on web portal so it becomes helpful and easier for other customer to buy that product.