The Importance Of Childhood Experiences Of Children And...

This essay discusses Importance of childhood experience to later life emotional, social and cognitive development into adulthood in the Uk, using the attachment and behaviorism theory to examine childhood experiences, as it forms parts of child’s development. I will be looking into the factors affecting social, emotional and cognitive development of children, strategies to improving service delivery of early intervention in children and the Social and economic benefits of early intervention. Attachment theory is a concept in developmental psychology which according to Bowlby, (1969) is â€Å"a deep and enduring emotional bond that connects one person to another across time and space†. The ability for an individual to form an emotional and physical attachment to another person gives a sense of stability and security necessary to take risks, branch out, and grow and develop as a personality. Bowlby believed that attachment process were important across the entire lifespan â€Å"from the cradle to the grave† in an oft-quoted phrase basically early attachment and the internal working model (IWMs) of attachment developed early on. Ainsworth et al (1978) came up with three attachment types to support Bowlby and they are; secure, insecure/avoidant and insecure/resistant. They argued that the attachment type developed by children depends on the quality of care they have previously received. Main, M. and Solomon, J(1986) founded a fourth attachment type calledShow MoreRelatedShould the Government Fund Public Preschools?1739 Words   |  7 Pagescountry of ours, education is not a privilege it is a right. All children are given the opportunity to a free education. An education that should allow them to become high school graduates, 21st Century scholars, and prepare them as leaders to sustain this nation. What happens though when this is not the future for all children? The problem at hand is not all children are receiving the same educational opportunities. Not all children graduate from high school and not all lead successful careers asRead MoreChildren s Academic And Social Competencies1549 Words   |  7 Pa gescommunities, and the economic future of the United States is reinforced. Surprisingly, one in four children in the United States living in low-income households enters kindergarten not equipped to learn and, as a result, fall behind from the start. â€Å"Children s academic and social competencies at kindergarten entry are important predictors of success throughout school; children who enter school not ready to learn struggle with academic difficulties and [can] manifest social and behavior problemsRead MoreHuman History Literacy Rates Have Continued Essay1699 Words   |  7 Pagesrates have continued to hike. Children now attend school than at any other point in history. Although nations have made immense progress, many are still far from reaching the universal goals of education. The importance of early education cannot be emphasized enough. As famous scholars had noted in human history, education is the precondition for success and unconstrained prospects. Educated citizens are the foundation for a nation’s sustainable economic and social development (Park 23). AccordingRead MoreThe Effects Of Early Childhood Education On The Development Of Necessary Social And Cognitive Skills2999 Words   |  12 Pagesinformation on the impact of early childhood education on the development of necessary social and cognitive skills. The research literature has consistently maintained that children previously enrolled in early childhood education programs generally tend to be more advantaged when beginning formal schooling than children who receive traditional or non-traditional parental care. While many studies have discovered the positive effects of early childhood education interventions, there are many importantRead MoreParental Involvement Plan at a Childcare Centre1134 Words   |  4 PagesOverview We are a Child Care Center with a majority population of 1-2 year olds who have special needs and receive early intervention protocols. Due to the economic c limate of the area, many of the childrens parents work two jobs and have a great deal of difficulty in participating in the centers activities. Whenever there is an event, for instance, parental involvement is quite low, and far lower than desired. The center has tried to increase parental involvement by sending home notices or callingRead MoreEffects Of Early Intervention Programs On School Readiness2007 Words   |  9 PagesThe Effects of Early Intervention Programs on School Readiness Elizabeth Collins A Research Project Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master in Urban Education Union University March, 2016  Students should be socially and academically ready prior to kindergarten entry, however students from low socioeconomic backgrounds enter kindergarten lacking the necessary academic and social skills. These foundational academic and social skills are needed for studentsRead MoreAdvantages Of Universal Primary Education1280 Words   |  6 Pageslucky I was just washing cars. There are other children in much more dangerous trades, where one mistake could mean tattered limbs, said Veeru. He had suffered many hardships since he was at the tender age of eight. Life on the streets of India had forced him to endure situations most adults are yet to experience. Veeru never had the opportunity to go to school as his poor parents could not afford to take him. Fortunately for Veeru, Save the Childhood Movement, an NGO founded by educator and NobelRead MoreHealth Promotion Is A Process Of Empowerment3669 Words   |  15 Pagesround the importance of utilising health promotion to reduce health inequalities. Health promotion is a process of empowerment which enables communities and individuals to strengthen control over the determinants of health in order to achieve their fullest potential. (WHO 2008) 1The rationale for health promotion derives from the opportunity to prevent ill health and reduce inequalities through the promotion of health and healthy living. It incorporates a broad range of interventions, measures,Read MoreEssay on Early Intervention in Childrens Services2223 Words   |  9 Pagesemphasis on Early Intervention in childrens services. What are the implications of this for different types of services for children, young people and families? This essay will begin by explaining what social policy is, briefly identifying the history behind it. In order to demonstrate why there is a policy emphasis on Early Intervention, there will be a focus on the underpinning values and assumptions of the different political parties, whilst analysing factors that influence social policy suchRead Moreresearch on clinical psych6780 Words   |  28 PagesAuthor of ‘Why Love Matters’ and ‘The Selfish Society’ SUMMARY Why babyhood rather than childhood? The case that I want to make is that babyhood is much more important to our lives than many people realise. A lot of the behaviour that worries us in later childhood, such as aggression, hyperactivity, obesity, depression and poor school performance, has already been shaped by children’s experiences in babyhood. For those of you who have not studied the scientific literature, this might seem

Contribution Of An Ethnographic Research On Friendship

Throughout this essay I will be evaluating the contribution of an ethnographic approach to research on friendship. I will be looking at, and including evidence to support both sides of the argument as to whether or not this research method is in fact useful when it comes to gaining knowledge about friendship. As well as evaluating this method, I will compare it against others to reflect on the strengths, weaknesses and the typical data collected. I will look at some of the questions about friendship that have been addressed, and then whether this is the best method or if there are others that could have been more suitable. Ethnography is a qualitative method of research in which the researcher takes part in the activities of a group such that they are able to complete their observations over a period of time in a natural, real-life environment. When it comes to investigating friendship, one question that has been raised is ‘what is the role of friendship in the life of a 13 year old?’’. Several sources of data include ethnographic notes taken whilst spending time with a group of friends during school lunch breaks and diary/blog entries etc. Firstly, in this case the researcher would need to carefully consider the strengths and weaknesses of each type of data, for example, when looking at a blog the information/data available is likely to be information that the author wants to share with a wider audience whereas a diary entry is more private. In this case, both documentsShow MoreRelatedFriendships1385 Words   |  6 PagesBigelow and La Gaipa (1975) observed children’s friendships by asking a number of children to write an essay about their best friend using the approach called â€Å"content analysis†. William Corsaro however dictates that in order to study children you must study them in the context of their own peer culture, he used the â€Å"ethnographic approach†. In this essay I shall attempt to compare and contrast the approach used by Bigelow and La Gaipa (1975) and that taken by William Corsaro (2006). In the earlyRead MoreDse141 Tma02 Essays1330 Words   |  6 Pagesboth made important contributions into understanding how children interpret â€Å"friendship†. Bigelow and La Gaipa carried out one of the first studies from what was a very under researched area. Bill Corsaro, a key figure in childhood studies, was particularly successful in gaining access into young childrens worlds which has helped shape a further picture of this somewhat intriguing definition. Brace and Byford (2012) One similarity is that they both aimed to study friendships in children and toRead MoreCompare and Contrast the Approach to Studying Children’s Friendships Taken in the Bigelow and La Gaipa (1974) Study with That Taken by William Corsaro.1406 Words   |  6 Pageschildren’s friendships taken in the Bigelow and La Gaipa (1974) study with that taken by William Corsaro. Friendship means different things to different people in different cultures. Friendship is also different from other kinds of relationship such as love, family and professional. The influential power on people’s behaviour, style, ideas and life is dominant and remarkable and therefore worthwhile for scientific investigation. This essay will compare and contrast the academic research of threeRead MoreCompare and Contrast the Approach to Studying Childrens Friendships Taken in the Bigelow and La Gaipa (1974) Study with That Taken by William Corsaro.1392 Words   |  6 PagesTITLE Compare and contrast the approach to studying children’s friendships taken in the Bigelow and La Gaipa (1974) study with that taken by William Corsaro. Friendship means different things to different people in different cultures. Friendship is also different from other kinds of relationship such as love, family and professional. The influential power on people’s behaviour, style, ideas and life is dominant and remarkable and therefore worthwhile for scientific investigationRead MoreRelational Models Theory : Relational Model Theory Essay2164 Words   |  9 Pagessociety and social relations and integrates culture, political and social structures, religion, ideologies and norms, psychological disorders, communications, emotion, cognition, child development, neurobiology, and natural selection. Comparative and ethnographic cultural studies support the theory of RMT as well as experiments by psychologists that use several methods. The study of RMT has given an in-depth understanding to moral judgment, group and family, business management, sociolinguistics, cross-Read MoreRelational Model s Theory Of Social Life Essay2161 Word s   |  9 Pagessociety and social relations and integrates culture, political and social structures, religion, ideologies and norms, psychological disorders, communications, emotion, cognition, child development, neurobiology, and natural selection. Comparative and ethnographic cultural studies support the theory of RMT as well as experiments by psychologists that use several methods. The study of RMT has given an in-depth understanding to moral judgment, group and family, business management, sociolinguistics, cross-Read MoreThe Culture Of British Life2486 Words   |  10 Pagesfor the position of an ethnographer. An ethnographer is in many ways an expansion of an Anthropologist, though from a more theoretical interpretation of studies. The role of an ethnographer has been explained as, â€Å"one who uses both a qualitative research process or method and product, whose aim is cultural interpretation†(Brian A. Hoey). In understanding the mission of an ethnographer I have been able to focus on the three mainstages of human life in order to get an accurate depiction of the idealRead MoreCaptain James Cook5629 Words   |  23 Pagesworldwide have been dedicated to him. Contents [hide] 1 Early life and family 2 Start of Royal Navy career 3 Voyages of exploration 3.1 First voyage (1768–71) 3.2 Interlude 3.3 Second voyage (1772–75) 3.4 Third voyage (1776–79) 3.5 Death 4 Legacy 4.1 Ethnographic Collections 4.2 Navigation and science 4.3 Memorials 5 See also 6 References 6.1 Footnotes 6.2 Notes 6.3 Bibliography 7 Further reading 8 External links 8.1 Biographical dictionaries 8.2 Journals 8.3 Collections and museums [edit]Early life andRead MoreLeadership, Conflict, And Problem Solving7381 Words   |  30 Pagesdeveloping competence, assigning critical tasks, and offering visible support, set the example by behaving in ways that are consistent with shared values, achieve small wins that promote consistent progress and build commitment, recognize individual contributions to the success of every project, celebrate team accomplishments regularly† (Schafer, 2005, p.232). Most importantly out of those ten commitments of a leader are challenging those around them, uplifting and giving a vision, and fostering collaborationRead MoreThe Importance of Demography to Development11868 Words   |  48 Pagesnature. Since the late 1970s, many sociologists have tried to make the discipline useful for non-academic purposes. The results of sociological research aid educators, lawmakers, administrators, developers, and others interested in resolving social problems and formulating public policy, through subdisciplinary areas such as survey research, evaluation research, methodological assessment, and public sociology. Sociological methods, theories, and concepts compel the sociologist to explore the origins

Case Analysis for Oil Spills free essay sample

One day, Jesse started telling Peter a story of a mysterious loss in one of the raw petrochemicals he receives by pipeline in the 1950s. Since there was no surface or groundwater pollution off the plant property, the plant manager decided to do nothing and not report the states. Tests showed that there is zero concentration of gasoline in the groundwater within 400ft of the surface. Peter recognizes that the state law requires him to report all spills but doesn’t know about spills that happened a long time ago. He tried to convince Jesse that he has to report such a loss. The surface water and 400 feet deep into the groundwater there was zero gasoline concentration. The state law acquires reporting all spills, however the plant manager decided to do nothing. Peter and Jesse agree on the facts but disagree about their relative importance. They have contradicting opinions about the issue. Jesse noted the drawbacks of reporting such a problem to the states and Peter didn’t have good reasons to convince Jesse. Some concepts involved through the issue are risk, confidentiality, environmental health, conflict of interest, and loyalty. First, the company and peters career will be in risk if he reported the oil spill to the state. Second, the engineering law requires confidentiality therefore it is irrelevant that peter report such an issue that is confidential in the company. Third, the tests were only taken 400 feet from the surface of the groundwater, however maybe there is contamination deeper or other marine life were affected. Four, most important concept is the conflict of interest since Peter had to either obey the engineering law that requires confidentiality and neglect his morals or obey the state law and lose his friendship and career. Five, Jesse trusted Peter to keep this mysterious spill between them; he should be loyal to him since they have a trusting relationship. Additionally, Jesse noted that he cannot have a consulting engineer who doesn’t value client loyalty. On the other hand, there are some unknown facts in the issue. According to state law all spills must be reported but what about spills that occurred years ago? Where the effects of spill seem to have dissipated? Is there any gasoline concentration beyond the 400 feet of gasoline? Is the marine life affected by the spill? Will the gasoline contaminate the ground water years later? Who is responsible to take an action for the spill at that time? It seems that there are more unknown facts than facts issued in the case. Although they are high in importance, the fact that this oil spill occurred a long time ago (1950s) might reduce its importance. From the case it is obvious that Jesse didn’t give Peter the chance to explain his situation which is a wrong action. Moreover, Jesse rushed in showing his disappointment in Peter. - So What? Impact In this case the affected parties are company, Peter, and Jesse. Each of them has different consequences that might have a negative effect on them. If the oil spill has been reported, the company will be in bad situation against the government and it has to re-open the file to make a re-check over that region which means spending useless dollars, a lot of time and Suspension of work of the planet for a while till the checking is done. Peter will do what his job requires him to do; however, he will put his job in the company, his career life and his promotion in risk. Jesse’s job will be in risk too since a leak of a confidential information has been through him and the relation between Jesse and Peter will no longer stay based on trust neither loyalty and arise enmity between them. If the spill has not been reported, no one will be affected and the case will be closed as before. Jesse and the company will be satisfied and Peter might get a faster promotion; however, peter will feel guilty because of his personal integrity that tells his to report the spill and follow the codes he is supposed to follow under stresses and loads of his role. Based on Code of ethics: AIChE code (for chemical engineering): * â€Å"Hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public in performance of their professional duties. † This code states that safety comes as priority which requires a spill report to ensure the safety and health of the public that the spill does not affect the underground water or a marine life there. * â€Å"Accept responsibility for their actions and recognize the contributions of others; seek critical review of their work and offer objective criticism of the work of others. This code requires the company to accept the re-check because it has to take responsibility for their action of not reporting the spill in 1950’s. The company would saved a lot if this spill was reported before and this case will not be shown in first place. * Act in professional matters for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees, and avoid conflicts of interest. This case shows an obvious conflict of int erest between whither Peter to report the spill or act as if he didn’t know about it because of the relation between him and Jesse. On the other hand, by reporting the spill, the code involves confidentiality and the information that Peter got is very confidential to the company. So what to do? Report the spill or not? This is the question! - Now What? – reaction What are the possible solution for this case ? a- Peter reports the spill directly to the government because the state law requires him to report all spills. In this case Peter is taking a risk because he doesn’t know if the government will take an action or just review the previous check reports and consider it as a past. Moreover, his career life will be in danger and he will lose his job. b- Peter doesn’t report the spill, act as if the story hasn’t been told because of codes of ethics that requires confidentiality, continue his career life in the company and get the promotion. In addition, his relation with Jesse will stay strong and this might lead him to better position in the company. c- Peter might discus this situation with the company and request for a check as a regular check for that region to ensure that the chemical level in the underground water is zero for more than 400 feet. The result will determine what the company should do. If the level is zero the company will be in the safe side but if it’s not Peter should discuss the next step with the company itself rather than reported directly. Solution C is the best solution because it doesn’t affect any parties in a bad way and it satisfies win-win solution since this solution is the best for all. Peter will keep his job, relation with Jesse and the promotion. Jesse will keep his job also and the company will not be in risk.

Tattoos from tribal to fashion Research Paper Example

Tattoos from tribal to fashion Paper Because ornate clothing was only allowed to be worn by royalty, the middle class adorned themselves with ornate body tattoos instead. It was in 1691 that tattooing remerged in Western Europe in civilized society. Sailor and explorer William Dampier brought to London the heavily tattooed Polynesian Prince Giolo, known as the Painted Prince. He was placed on exhibition and caused great amazement. This was a certain money maker for William Dampier, as there had been an absence of tattoos in the West for six centuries. However, it would be another one hundred years before tattooing would really make its mark on the West. We will write a custom essay sample on Tattoos from tribal to fashion specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Tattoos from tribal to fashion specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Tattoos from tribal to fashion specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In the late 1700s the famous explorer Captain Cook made several trips to the South Pacific. London society revelled in his stories and embraced both the art and artefacts he brought back to the West. On his return from his second trip, Cook brought back one artefact, which would yet again make a sensation in London, a heavily tattooed Polynesian male called Omani. Soon after, members of the higher society were demanding and getting smaller discreetly placed tattoos of their own. The great Omani was seen as a noble savage, and though his tour was clearly a more refined version , he was regarded a sideshow exhibit . Already the tattoo was starting to become a Fad or fashion accessories. In early America tattooing was still in the elitist stage and although we see the tattoo most often displayed by the native Americans, it is well known that tattooing was also practiced by royalty, with many of the elites of European moving to America in search of fortunes. It often amazes people when they hear that people such as, King George V, King Oscar of Sweden, Sir Winston Churchills mother, Grand Duke Alexis of Russia and even King Harold were tattooed. While this portion of society is small their influences have prevailed in establishing mainstream ideology. Tattoo, was at one time, a very expensive and unavailable form of art to mainstream society, which reinforced the attraction to those who regarded themselves amongst the elite. In 1891 the art form was once again transformed with the invention of the first electric tattooing machine by Samuel ORiley. His invention made tattooing readily available and reasonably priced for everyone, which meant that the average person could now get a tattoo. Because of this the elitist turned away from this art form and tattooing became a fashion accessory of the masses. This transformation from elitist art to common art, lead tattooing to be associated with the lower classes of society. The troubled people or those who travelled with the circus often displayed tattoos and were associated extravagant facial designs, full body suits and sometimes freakish patterns, which transformed the meaning of this art once again. By the turn of the 20th century the cultural view of tattooing had changed, it was now seen more as a sleazier art form for the poorer classes of society and gradually went underground. Few tattooists were accepted into street society and no longer where they regarded as artists. Once again, opinions changed about tattooing and gradually it became more acceptable, especially during the second world war when the tattoo became part of the signature of the military personal. The pledge to stay with your outfit couldnt be displayed better than a piece of art work that would never fade. This type of fraternity between sailors and other military personal grew in popularity. Today this type of pledge tattoo can be seen among college students who pledge loyalty to their fraternities, or street gang members showing their loyalty to the gang. Many pledge tattoos are common among many different types of crowds. However, the booming impact became apparent throughout the 1940s and 1950s when once again tattooing came back to mainstream society. Many men displayed them proudly, later telling their children about the wars they had fought and the friends they had lost, all based upon a single tattoo marking a dramatic time in their lives. Time marking types of tattoo are now common, if you ask someone today why they have a certain tattoo, you may hear a story of how that tattoo marked a certain time frame in their personal life. The most common tattoo displayed by military personal is that of lady luck, their unit, military division, and the American eagle . Tattoo shops were generally located near barracks and docks so they could tattoo the incoming military personal. The tattoo shops soon discovered these locations also brought them closure to the criminal element of society and soon many of the tattooed were criminals. After the second world war the tattoo was once again seen as the mark of the deviants within society. Rebellious boys and girls resorted to the tattoo, based on the notion that to have a tattoo was to outside mainstream society. This marked them in a way that displayed their ideology of not wanting to take part in mainstream social order. Soon the military personal that fought for his or her country, who previously displayed with pride their tattoos, began to cover them with shame. Tattooing once again fell from grace. The movement throughout society to regard tattoo as something deviant, and/or savage, was mainly because of mainstream ideology. The culture surrounding the art form had never felt that tattoos were a deviant practice, even though many tattooists often spoke of physically fighting with customers. However the art world did go through transformations and the people related to the art were soon associated with deviants. The best known groups of the time being bikers, who received tattoos to pledge their fraternities within their particular group. Most often displaying their colours or slogans of the group, these bikers fought amongst themselves and caused mayhem where ever they went, often ending up jail, once again giving the impression that tattooing followed the deviant. Through the transformation from elitist to freak, and now to deviant/savage, the art of tattooing signified who not to be associated with. Such association with the tattoo, would once again alienate the wearer from society. As if the name of tattoo wasnt already mud in society, in 1961 there was an out break of hepatitis and tattooing was sent reeling on its heels. Though most tattoo shops had sterilization machines, few actually used them. Newspapers reported stories of blood poisoning, hepatitis and other diseases. The general population held tattoo parlours in disrepute, and even todays tattoo parlours are still suffering the consequences of the past reputation. A health code violation went into effect therefore leading to many tattoo parlours shutting down. The hippies of the 60s created many new aspects of how tattooing was viewed and valued by the mainstream society. However, towards the end of the 1960s attitudes towards tattooing changed, much of the credit goes to Lyle Tuttle. He was a charming, interesting man who knew how to use the media to own advantage. His clientele included celebrities and in particular beautiful women and was approached by magazines and television seeking out information about this ancient art form. The transformation of the art had never been so swift. The growth of acceptance has grown more over the last 10 years than any other time in history. We have seen this by the advertisers use of tattoos, to the MTV crowd of the 80s, treading their way into the business offices of the world. All classes of people seek the best tattoo artists. This rise in popularity has placed tattooists in the category of fine artists. The tattooist has garnered a respect not seen for over 100 years. Today the artwork varies between the older designs, to work done by loved ones, to even abstract pieces. The artwork has been shown in galleries around the world and the prices for them have skyrocketed. Many people today have even committed to neck and arm tattoo, although social acceptance hasnt transformed to this extent, it is believed that it soon will. If you take a look inside of your local tattoo studio you will see the difference of what it was yesterday, and what is today. Many of the transformations of the art of tattoo have been based around social values, social change and those in power defining mainstream values. This has led tattoo down many roads and we will just have to wait to see where the next bend will be. From my findings I have been able to come to the conclusion that tattoos have indeed moved from being a tribal art form too a more socially accepted admired fashionable art form. This has happened in a totally natural form of evolution. Through the many centuries of tattoo history, it has been the change into a multi cultural world along with a change with our general cultural views that has helped change the art form. As our ancestors began to accept the art form they also changed its meanings. Although sometimes still showing the station in life of the wearer, the tattoo was very much just another fashion. This was the distinction up to the 1890s but when tattoos became readily available this saw the biggest change occur, now everyone could get a tattoo, it wasnt about station in life anymore but fashion, this is still the case today people of all walks of life from dustbin men to doctors, men and women alike get tattoos, now making it an accepted art form in its own right. Art that can be found displayed in galleries, museums and magazines. Although I feel that the tattoo has lost its original meanings, I do acknowledge the fact that in some cases the tattoo could be viewed still as tribal, what I mean by this is there are still groups in the world such as the Hells Angles and other gangs who have tattoos of a tribal nature and in fact you could argue that everyone that has a tattoo is a member of the tattoo tribe. Bibliography Steven G. Gilbert. Tattoo History Source Book Amy Krakow. Total Tattoo Book Clinton R. Sanders. Customizing the Body: The Art and Culture of Tattooing Thanks to.

Aristotle Concept of Eudaimonia Essay Sample free essay sample

Aristotle ( Ancient Greek: . Aristoteles ) ( 384 BC – 322 BC ) [ 1 ] was a Greekphilosopher and polymath. a pupil of Plato and instructor of Alexander the Great. His Hagiographas cover many topics. including natural philosophies. metaphysics. poesy. theatre. music. logic. rhetoric. linguistics. political relations. authorities. moralss. biological science. and fauna. Together withPlato and Socrates ( Plato’s teacher ) . Aristotle is one of the most of import initiation figures in Western doctrine. Aristotle’s Hagiographas were the first to make a comprehensive system of Western doctrine. embracing morality. aesthetics. logic. scientific discipline. political relations. andmetaphysics. Aristotle’s positions on the physical scientific disciplines deeply shaped mediaeval scholarship. and their influence extended good into the Renaissance. although they were finally replaced by Newtonian natural philosophies. In the zoological scientific disciplines. some of his observations were confirmed to be accurate merely in the nineteenth century. His plants contain the earliest known formal survey of logic. which was incorporated in the late nineteenth century into modern formal logic. We will write a custom essay sample on Aristotle Concept of Eudaimonia Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In metaphysics. Aristotelianism had a profound influence on philosophical and theological thought in the Islamic and Judaic traditions in the Middle Ages. and it continues to act upon Christian divinity. particularly the scholastic tradition of the Catholic Church. His moralss. though ever influential. gained renewed involvement with the modern coming of virtuousness moralss. All facets of Aristotle’s doctrine continue to be the object of active academic survey today. Though Aristotle wrote many elegant treatises and duologues ( Cicerodescribed his literary manner as â€Å"a river of gold† ) . [ 2 ] it is thought that the bulk of his Hagiographas are now lost and merely about tierce of the original plants have survived. [ 3 ] Aristotle’s Ethical motives Aristotle conceives of ethical theory as a field distinct from the theoretical scientific disciplines. Its methodological analysis must fit its capable matter—good action—and must esteem the fact that in this field many generalisations hold merely for the most portion. We study moralss in order to better our lives. and therefore its chief concern is the nature of human wellbeing. Aristotle follows Socrates and Plato in taking the virtuousnesss to be cardinal to a well-lived life. Like Plato. he regards the ethical virtuousnesss ( justness. bravery. moderation and so on ) as complex rational. emotional and societal accomplishments. But he rejects Plato’s thought that a preparation in the scientific disciplines and metaphysics is a necessary requirement for a full apprehension of our good. What we need. in order to populate good. is a proper grasp of the manner in which such goods as friendly relationship. pleasance. virtuousness. award and wealth tantrum together as a whole. In order to use that general apprehension to peculiar instances. we must get. through proper upbringing and wonts. the ability to see. on each juncture. which class of action is best supported by grounds. Therefore practical wisdom. as he conceives it. can non be acquired entirely by larning general regulations. We must besides get. through pattern. those deliberative. emotional. and societal accomplishments that enable us to set our general apprehension of wellbeing into pattern in ways that are suited to each juncture. Aristotle wrote two ethical treatises: the Nicomachean Ethics and the Eudemian Ethics. He does non himself use either of these rubrics. although in the Politics ( 1295a36 ) he refers back to one of them—probably the Eudemian Ethics—as â€Å"ta ethika†Ã¢â‚¬â€his writings about character. The words â€Å"Eudemian† and â€Å"Nicomachean† were added subsequently. possibly because the former was edited by his friend. Eudemus. and the latter by his boy. Nicomachus. In any instance. these two plants cover more or less the same land: they begin with a treatment of wellbeing ( â€Å"happiness. † â€Å"flourishing† ) . and turn to an scrutiny of the nature of arete ( â€Å"virtue. † â€Å"excellence† ) and the character t raits that human existences need in order to populate life at its best. Both treatises examine the conditions in which congratulations or incrimination are appropriate. and the nature of pleasance and friendly relationship ; near the terminal of each work. we find a brief treatment of the proper relationship between human existences and the Godhead. Though the general point of position expressed in each work is the same. there are many elusive differences in organisation and content every bit good. Clearly. one is a re-working of the other. and although no individual piece of grounds shows once and for all what their order is. it is widely assumed that the Nicomachean Ethics is a later and improved version of the Eudemian Ethical motives. ( Not all of the Eudemian Ethics was revised: its Books IV. V. and VI re-appear as V. VI. VII of the Nicomachean Ethics. ) Possibly the most revealing indicant of this ordination is that in several cases the Nicomachean Ethics develops a subject about which its Eudemian cousin is soundless. Merely the Nicomachean Ethics discusses the stopping point relationship between ethical enquiry and political relations ; merely the Nicomachean Ethics critically examines Solon’s self-contradictory pronouncement that no adult male should be counted happy until he is dead ; and merely the Nicomachean Ethics gives a series of statements for the high quality of the philosophical life to the political life. The balance of this article will therefore focal point on this work. Although Aristotle is profoundly indebted to Plato’s moral doctrine. peculiarly Plato’s cardinal penetration that moral thought must be integrated with our emotions and appetencies. and that the readying for such integrity of character should get down with childhood instruction. the systematic character of Aristotle’s treatment of these subjects was a singular invention. No 1 had written ethical treatises before Aristotle. Plato’s Republic. for illustration. does non handle moralss as a distinguishable capable affair ; nor does it offer a systematic scrutiny of the nature of felicity. virtuousness. voluntariness. pleasance. or friendly relationship. To be certain. we can happen in Plato’s plants of import treatments of these phenomena. but they are non brought together and unified as they are in Aristotle’s ethical Hagiographas. Aristotle on wellbeing The chief thought with which Aristotle begins is that there are differences of sentiment about what is best for human existences. and that to gain from ethical enquiry we must decide this dissension. He insists that moralss is non a theoretical subject: we are inquiring what the good for human existences is non merely because we want to hold cognition. but because we will be better able to accomplish our good if we develop a Fuller apprehension of what it is to boom. In raising this question—what is the good? —Aristotle is non looking for a list of points that are good. He assumes that such a list can be compiled instead easy ; most would hold. for illustration. that it is good to hold friends. to see pleasance. to be healthy. to be honored. and to hold such virtuousnesss as bravery at least to some grade. The hard and controversial inquiry arises when we ask whether certain of these goods are more desirable than others. Aristotle’s hunt for the good is a hunt fo r the highestgood. and he assumes that the highest good. whatever it turns out to be. has three features: it is desirable for itself. it is non desirable for the interest of some other good. and all other goods are desirable for its interest. Aristotle thinks everyone will hold that the footings â€Å"eudaimonia† ( â€Å"happiness† ) and â€Å"eu zen† ( â€Å"living well† ) designate such an terminal. The Grecian term â€Å"eudaimon† is composed of two parts: â€Å"eu† means â€Å"well† and â€Å"daimon† agencies â€Å"divinity† or â€Å"spirit. † To be eudaimon is hence to be populating in a manner that is fine-looking by a God. But Aristotle neer calls attending to this etymology. and it seems to hold small influence on his thought. He regards â€Å"eudaimon† as a mere replacement for eu zen ( â€Å"living well† ) . These footings play an appraising function. and are non merely descriptions of someone’s province of head. No 1 tries to populate good for the interest of some farther end ; instead. being eudaimon is the highest terminal. and all low-level goals—health. wealth. and other such resources—are sought because they promote well-being. non because they are what well-being consists in. But unless we can find which good or goods felicity consists in. it is of small usage to admit that it is the highest terminal. To decide this issue. Aristotle asks what the ergon ( â€Å"function. † â€Å"task. † â€Å"work† ) of a human being is. and argues that it consists in activity of the rational portion of the psyche in conformity with virtuousness ( 1097b22–1098a20 ) . One of import constituent of this statement is expressed in footings of differentiations he makes in his psychological and biological plants. The psyche is analyzed into a affiliated series of capacities: the alimentary psyche is responsible for growing and reproduction. the locomotor psyche for gesture. the perceptive psyche for perceptual experience. and so on. The biological fact Aristotle makes usage of is that human existences are the lone species that has non merely these lower capacities but a rational psyche every bit good. The good of a human being must hold something to make with being human ; and what sets humanity off from other species. giving us the possible to populate a better life. is our ca pacity to steer ourselves by utilizing ground. If we use ground good. we live good as human existences ; or. to be more precise. utilizing ground good over the class of a full life is what felicity consists in. Making anything good requires virtuousness or excellence. and hence populating good consists in activities caused by the rational psyche in conformity with virtuousness or excellence. Aristotle’s decision about the nature of felicity is in a sense unambiguously his ain. No other author or mind had said exactly what he says about what it is to populate good. But at the same clip his position is non excessively distant from a common thought. As he himself points out. one traditional construct of felicity identifies it with virtuousness ( 1098b30–1 ) . Aristotle’s theory should be construed as a polish of this place. He says. non that felicity is virtue. but that it is virtuous activity. Populating good consists in making something. non merely being in a certain province or status. It consists in those womb-to-tomb activities that actualize the virtuousnesss of the rational portion of the psyche. At the same clip. Aristotle makes it clear that in order to be happy o ne must possess others goods as well—such goods as friends. wealth. and power. And one’s felicity is endangered if one is badly missing in certain advantages—if. for illustration. one is highly ugly. or has lost kids or good friends through decease Aristotle’s says that one’s virtuous activity will be to some extent diminished or faulty. if one lacks an equal supply of other goods. Person who is friendless. childless. powerless. weak. and ugly will merely non be able to happen many chances for virtuous activity over a long period of clip. and what little he can carry through will non be of great virtue. To some extent. so. populating good requires good luck ; coincidence can rob even the most first-class human existences of felicity. Nonetheless. Aristotle insists. the highest good. virtuous activity. is non something that comes to us by opportunity. Although we must be fortunate plenty to hold parents and fellow citizens who help us become virtuous. we ourselves portion much of the duty for geting and exerting the virtuousnesss. Wellbeingis a Grecian word normally translated as felicity or public assistance ; nevertheless. â€Å"human flourishing† has been proposed as a more accurate interlingual rendition. [ 1 ] Etymologically. it consists of the words â€Å"eu† ( â€Å"good† ) and â€Å"daimon† ( â€Å"spirit’’ ) . [ 2 ] In Aristotle’s plants. wellbeing was ( based on older Greek tradition ) used as the term for the highest human good. and so it is the purpose of practical doctrine. including moralss and political doctrine. to see ( and besides experience ) what it truly is. and how it can be achieved. DefinitionIn his Nicomachean Ethical motives. (  §21 ; 1095a15–22 ) Aristotle says that everyone agrees that wellbeing is the highest good for human existences. but that there is significant dissension on what kind of life counts as making and populating good ; i. e. eudaimon: Aristotle points out. stating that eudaimon life is a life which is objectively desirable. and means populating good. is non stating really much. Everyone wants to be eudaimon ; and everyone agrees that being eudaimon is related to doing good and to an individual’s good being. The truly hard inquiry is to stipulate merely what kind of activities enable one to populate good. Aristotle presents assorted popular constructs of the best life for human existences. The campaigners that he mentions are a ( 1 ) life of pleasance. ( 2 ) a life of political activity and ( 3 ) a philosophical life. Aristotle In lineation. for Aristotle. wellbeing involves activity. exhibiting virtuousness ( arete sometimes translated as excellence ) in conformity with ground. This construct of eudaimonia derives from Aristotle’s essentialist understanding of human nature. the position that ground ( logos sometimes translated as reason ) is alone to human existences and that the ideal map or work ( ergon ) of a human being is the fullest or most perfect exercising of ground. Basically. good being ( wellbeing ) is gained by proper development of one’s highest and most human capablenesss and human existences are â€Å"the rational animal† . It follows that wellbeing for a human being is the attainment of excellence ( arete ) in ground. Harmonizing to Aristotle. eudaimonia really requires activity. action. so that it is non sufficient for a individual to possess a wasted ability or temperament. Eudaimonia requires non merely good character but rational activity. Aristotle clearly maintains that to populate in conformity with ground agencies accomplishing excellence thereby. Furthermore. he claims this excellence can non be isolated and so competences are besides needed appropriate to related maps. For illustration. if being a genuinely outstanding scientist requires impressive math accomplishments. so that one might state â€Å"doing mathematics good is necessary to be a first rate scientist† . From this it follows that wellbeing. populating good. consists in activities exerting the rational portion of the mind in conformity with the virtuousnesss or Excellency of ground [ 1097b22–1098a20 ] . Which is to state. to be to the full engaged in the intellectually stimulating and fulling work at which one achieves well-earned success. The remainder of the Nicomachean Ethics is devoted to make fulling out the claim that best life for a human being is the life of excellence in conformity with ground. Since ground for Aristotle is non m erely theoretical but practical besides. he spends rather a spot.

ICT in Education

ICT in Education Introduction Information and Communication Technology is among the most indispensable tools that the business world relies on today. Virtually all businesses, in one way or another, rely on technology tools to carry out operations. Other organizations like learning institutions are not left behind technology-wise. ICT is increasingly being employed in contemporary learning institutions to ease the work of students and teachers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on ICT in Education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Among the most commendable successes of employing ICT in learning institutions is e-learning in which the ICT tools are used in accessing classrooms remotely. This paper explores the importance of the tools of the tools of ICT in education and the roles that these tools have played in making learning better and easier. Teachers and their role in education Teachers are the scholars who have mastered specific subje cts that form part of their specialty and help in imparting knowledge on students. Some of the roles that teachers play in academic institutions include designing of syllabuses, preparing of timetables, preparing for lessons and convening students for lessons, and carrying out continuous assessments on students. Others include keeping of records of academic reports, disciplinary records and other records related to the activities of students in school like the participation of students in games and other activities. E-Learning In cases where there are limitations such that it is impossible to convene people and resources together for learning. E-learning provides a very important and convenient way of teaching people. In such a case, a teacher provides learning materials and lessons online which can be accessed by his/her students at their convenient. The materials can be audio files of recorded classroom lessons, audio-visual files for lessons requiring visual information like prac tical or even text documents and hypertext documents (Tinio 1). This method of teaching is also convenient for teachers because they are able to record lessons at their convenience and assessment of students involves less documentation. This is because with the use of the internet, teachers are able to upload assignments and continuous assessments on the e-learning systems and after students are done with the assignments, they use the system or emails to send their completed assignments to their teachers. This comes with a number of advantages which are brought about by having student’s completed assignments in soft copies.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One of these advantages is that feedback from teachers will be timely and it will be convenient for the teachers. Teachers can also use technology tools such as plagiarism software to check if students have copied th e works of other scholars and thus establish the authenticity of the assignment. It can thus be argued that although e-learning systems have their disadvantages, they are very instrumental in teaching people whose schedules are tight and who may have limitations as far as accessing the classroom is concerned. Therefore technology has been an influential and essential tool in the career of education and several innovations have been made that have made teaching a much easier career. The paragraph below discusses other ways in which technology has been employed in the education career. Other uses of ICT in education Teachers can also use the tools of ICT in other functions. One such function is the keeping of the records of student performances and other kind of records within the academic institution. This can be done by uploading the information in a Management Information System for the school or college which should have a database for supporting the same. The information can also be stored in soft form in Compact Disks, Hard Drives, Flash Disks or even Digital Video Disks (Obringer 1). This ensures that information is properly stored and backed up and also ensures that records are not as bulky as they would have been in the absence of the tools of ICT. Such a system also ensures that information can easily be accessed and also ensures that proper privacy of the data is maintained. Another way in which teachers can use the tools of ICT to ease their work is by employing tools like projectors for presentations of lessons, iPads for students, computers connected to the internet for communicating to students about continuous assessments and the like (Higgins 1). This way, the teacher will be able to reduce the paperwork that he /she uses in his/her work and this is bound to make his/her work easier. For instance, if the teacher can access a projector, he/she can prepare a presentation of a lesson to for his/her students and this way, he will not have to carry t extbooks, notebooks and the like to the classroom for the lesson. The teacher can also post notes and relevant texts for a given course on the information system for the school or on an interactive website and thus he/she will have more time for discussions during lessons. Teachers can also, I consultation with IT specialists, develop real time systems where students can answer questions related woo what they have learnt in class and get automated results through the system (Masie 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on ICT in Education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This will help the students in understanding the concepts taught in class better and, this way, teachers will have less workload. Such websites will also help teachers to show the students how questions related to their specialty are framed early enough so that students can concentrate on knowledge acquisition during class hours. This is as opposed to a c ase where the students remain clueless of the kind of questions they expect in exams and spend most of their time preparing for exams rather than reading extensively to acquire knowledge. ICT can also be sued by teachers to advertise the kind of services they offer in schools and also advertise the books and journals they have written. This can be achieved by the use of websites for the school or for the specific teachers or professors. Conclusion As evidenced in the discussion above, ICT is a very instrumental tool in education as a career. The specific tools of ICT used in education in as discussed above include the use of ICT in distant-learning, storage of student performance and other relevant information in databases and storage media, use of tools of ICT in classroom like projectors, iPads and the like. Since the invention of the internet and subsequent popularity of computers, a lot of functions of education as a career have been made simpler. These include administration of continuous assessments, marking of continuous assessments, giving feedback to students and even checking the originality of the ideas expressed in the assignments and examinations. All in all, the impact that ICT has had in educational institutions is so much that school life without ICT is somehow impossible for people who are accustomed to using ICT. Higgins, Steve. â€Å"Does ICT improve learning and teaching in schools†. 2007. Web. Masie, Shank. â€Å"What is electronic learning?† 2007. Web. Obringer, Ann. â€Å"How E-Learning Works†. 2008. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Tinio, Victoria. â€Å"ICT in Education†. 2008. Web.

Reflection for a year living on the brink Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reflection for a year living on the brink - Essay Example He is convinced that the current regime has failed to address escalating tax rates, the failure of the current Obama regime to revive the economy through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. The article is interesting because it addresses the ailing economic situation in United States and the world at large. The author investigates the possible causes of the economic stability such as entrusting financial duties to central banks and previous systems that capitalized on labor protection at the expense of job creation. Though the failing economic failure can be solved through a change in regime, countries should address the economic anxiety with practical financial policies. A financial system that empowers all taxpayers is one of the potential ways of improving the current economic situation. An able leader combined practical financial or economic policies can revive the economy of United States and the foreign systems that depend on it. However, the crises should not be addressed in general but the measures should be customized for each economy. Henninger reveals that Chancellor Gerhard Schroder reformed German labor market successfully in

Introduction to Estimation and Analysis of Variance Research Paper

Introduction to Estimation and Analysis of Variance - Research Paper Example The One – Way ANOVA is thus named, since it compares the variance of the different groups as a function of one Independent Variable. The ANOVA can only be conducted if certain conditions have been met – the data collected is either on an equal interval or ratio scale; the cases are independent of each other, the data comes from a normally distributed population, and that the population variance for the groups is equal. An example of a situation in which it would be possible to apply the One – Way ANOVA static would be one in which the efficacy of different training methods was to be measured. Suppose that a group of novices was to be taught a particular trade, and there were a number of ways in which the novices could be trained. It is possible to study the results of different kinds of training on group’s o novices and use the One – Way ANOVA to identify the most effective training method. ... Thus the levels of the independent variable are categorical; and exclusive. For this example, it is possible to examine four types of training methods – Classroom teaching; On-the-job training; Guided Practice, and Simulation Training. Thus, the Independent variable – Type of Training – now has four levels - Classroom teaching; On-the-job training; Guided Practice, and Simulation Training. The effect of these techniques is tested on the way in which the individual completes a day of independent activity at the end of the training period. Thus, it is possible to say that at the end of the training period, the novices are tested to evaluate their level of learning. On the basis of this understanding it is possible to say that the Dependent Variable in this example is the Learning Exhibited by the novice, as measured by a test of skill. If this experiment were to be conducted; it would require the testing of a hypothesis. The null hypothesis for a One – Way A NOVA is – â€Å"There is no difference between the groups on learning that may be associated with the type of training†. Assuming that the study expected to find a difference in the learning exhibited; the alternative hypothesis â€Å"There will be a significant difference in the learning exhibited by novices as a function of the training method† may be put forth. In the event that there is a significant difference between the four groups – that is – the ANOVA static is significant at the chosen level; it becomes necessary to conduct a Post – Hoc test like the Tukey’s HSD. This is because, a significant ANOVA result indicates that there is a significant difference between the groups; but it does not indicate which groups differ significantly from each other. In order to ascertain this; i9t is

Statistic project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Statistic project - Assignment Example If the null hypothesis is rejected, we would recommend Yoplait’s Research and Development department to start developing new flavors and products utilizing Greek yogurt. If the null hypothesis is not rejected, we would recommend Yoplait to focus instead on creating a better marketing campaign so as to create a demand for its present line up of Greek products. All data gathered in this survey are interval measures. The respondents were asked the question: What factors do you consider in purchasing Greek yogurt? They were then asked to rate three factors: variety of flavors, amount of calories in each product and the price of the product, where 1 is the least important factor and 5 is the most important factor. Based on table 1 above, we can see that the average age of respondents is 27 years old. Standard deviation is pretty high at 7.7, which meant that some of the respondents were much younger and much older than the average age. In the case of the factors considered by customers in purchasing Greek yogurt, the average rating for the variety of flavors is 4.4, amount of calories is 3.7 and price of product is at 4.0. From these rating we can already see that most respondents consider the variety of flavors the most in deciding which yogurt brand to choose. Standard deviation was 0.115475 for variety of flavor responses, 0.17266 for amount of calories responses and 0.175345 for price of product responses. 3. For the purpose of this study, we will use a single factor ANOVA because the responses of the respondents were numerical, but they were in fact categories of responses. We cannot use the t-test or z-test because we are not looking for actual increases in sales. For this study, we will use ÃŽ ±=.05, and we will test at 95% confidence level. We are also using a one-tailed test because we only want to know if adding more flavors will increase sales for Greek yogurt. One tailed tests are always directional

Systems Analysis: History, Concepts And Theories

Systems Analysis: History, Concepts And Theories One could unarguably suggest that systems exist, in various forms, since the dawn of time. From the Solar System, to our planets ecosystem, to the human societies where people gathered into teams to hunt animals or farm the land to be able to survive, all are prime examples of thousand years old systems. By definition, a system could be described as any entity, conceptual or physical, which consists of interdependent parts (Ackoff, 1960). As the human-controlled systems (i.e. society, organizations, information systems and business systems) started to become increasingly more complex, various issues appeared like an increase of costs, harder maintenance and more administrative complexities. The need to overcome and solve all these problems led to the appearance of the field of Systems Analysis. Systems Analysis: History, Concepts Theories The analysis, as defined in the Oxford Dictionary, is the separation of a substance into parts for study and interpretation; detailed examination. Subsequently, Systems Analysis could be described as the early process in the development of a new system, or the evaluation of an old one, where the analysts try to investigate a given situation, identify the main problems that need to be solved, break them up into sub-problems if needed, and finally recommend the most efficient and costless way to solve them (Yeates et al, 1994; Silver et al, 1989; Bingham et al, 1978). Plato once said: the beginning is the most important part of work. Nowadays, Platos words are proved far from wrong in the case of developing or evaluating a system. The first steps of working on a new project are probably the most important ones to guarantee any fair chance of success. This is the main reason why many organizations, companies and governments prefer to spend a significant amount of money in the early stag es of development, in order to be able to minimize the risk of potential disaster later on (Daniels et al, 1981). After all, the sooner a mistake is identified, the sooner it will be fixed, saving a lot of effort, time and money. There are many types of human-controlled systems, as previously mentioned, ranging from large-scale, complex human societies (whose boundaries are usually not so easy to define as they constantly interact with other societies near them), to small-scale computer information systems (whose boundaries are easier to define). Although each key author and researcher tried to describe his own concept of what analysis is and why it is critical to apply it in the development process, their thoughts and views share many common elements. Depending on the type of system they concentrated on, various definitions where given. To begin with, Systems Analysis is the process of investigating a systems boundaries, users, processes, inputs and outputs with the aim of suggesting more efficient and economical ways to solve the problems in question (Silver et al, 1989). Another, more general suggestion is that Systems Analysis refers to an orderly, structured process for identifying and solving problems (Gore et al, 1983). Finally, according to George Marshall in his book Systems Analysis and Design: Alternative Structured Approaches, Systems Analysis is the process of defining precisely what a computer system should do (Marshall, 1986). Igor Hawryszkiewycz describes in his book Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design that analysis is mainly used in order to effectively understand the structure of a system and what its requirements are (Hawryszkiewycz, 1994). John Bingham in his book A Handbook of Systems Analysis describes the analysis in six steps: the project selection, the feasibility study, the definition phase, the design phase, the implementation phase and finally the evaluation phase (Bingham et al, 1978). Perhaps one of the most straightforward explanations of Systems Analysis main objective is that it aims to transform user needs into specifications for programmers (Marshall, 1989). To achieve this, the systems analyst has to complete five tasks and responsibilities: to plan, investigate, understand, document and communicate with the rest of the team (Yeates et al, 1994). Firstly and probably most importantly too, the analyst must study the feasibility of the system. This means that he has to thoroughly search and decide if it is humanly possible to develop the system and how much effort in time and money it will cost to do so. Second step is to discuss with the systems target group and find out their needs in order to be able to understand and elicit the requirements. Third step is to research the existing data, human recourses and available computer procedures to find out the limitations, techniques or methods that will be used in the later stages of development. Usually from this phase and on the analyst works close together with the designers, programmers and testers in order to establish a successful communication between the team and share feedback with them (Parkin, 1980; Daniels et al, 1981; Open University, 1982). Although the human-controllable systems are in existence ages now, Systems Analysis as a scientific field is quite more recent, and its roots can be traced back a few decades. Before computers became mainstream, the first analysts where using more traditional approaches to analyze and solve the given problems. They followed two main steps: firstly they analyzed the projects requirements and secondly they specified these requirements. Although this practice was logical and theoretically correct, it depended too much on the human factor, which means it was prone to mistakes. Among the disadvantages of the traditional approach was that it required vast amounts of written documentation, many times there was a lack of communication between the analysts and the designers and last but not least it was very time consuming. All these negatives caused a great number of system development projects to face difficulties during the analysis phase in the 1970s (Yeates et al, 1994). Researchers in the field of Systems Analysis, in an effort to overcome all the problems caused by the traditional approach, focused their attention to develop new, more efficient methods of analysis. The result of the above efforts was a structured approach to analysis (Yourdon, 1976; DeMarco, 1979; Bansler, 1993). This approach, as described in the book Systems Analysis and Design by Don Yeates et al, follows three general principles: modeling, partitioning and iteration. Modeling is the extended use of models, diagrams, data flow charts and other graphic representations, which aim to provide a non-confusing, realistic image of the system to the rest of the development team. Partitioning is the method of dividing the system in question to sub-systems with the aim of making them more understandable to the rest of the team. Moreover, partitioning helps the analyst to decide which part of the whole problem every member of the team will be given to solve. Iteration is the method of cons tantly repeating the analysis stage, as many times as needed, in order to reach the best possible solution. The need for iteration arises from the fact that it is rare for a system to be represented correctly the first time, as many repetitions are usually needed, in order to achieve a standard of accuracy (Yeates et al, 1994). Following the appearance of a more structured and formal way of analyzing a system, researchers were trying to come up with various models, which held a central role for Systems Analysis. These models, if strictly followed, would significantly enhance the development process. The early software development models though, such as the Waterfall Model (Royce, 1970), did not allow a lot of room for feedback and changes because of their linear structure. In contrast to these early models, modified approaches like the V-Model (German Ministry of Defense, 1992) and the Spiral Model (Boehm, 1988) gave the analyst the flexibility to interact with the rest of the team even in the later development phases. This is particularly important for the sole reason that, as discussed earlier, Systems Analysis is one of the most crucial phases during a systems creation. By providing the team the option to interact with the analyst on the go, it can minimize the time needed for system revision and most im portantly save a lot of time and money. Although return of investment and risk minimization are two of the most salient reasons of why Systems Analysis is so important, there are a lot more benefits to be gained in the long term. The efficiency of the project team is greatly enhanced as goals are reached faster and the available resources are used more wisely. Furthermore, errors are recognized earlier which translates to less time invested in testing during the final phases of a project, which in its own turn leads again to more profit (Silver et al, 1989). It is very important also to mention that nowadays systems become so complex that usually consist of multiple subsystems, each one playing a key role in the whole process. These subsystems coexist and highly depend on each other. Any change that may occur in any of them could affect multiple other subsystems of the whole. It is critical for the analysts to spend a considerable amount of time and effort to understand the system as one single entity and identify all of its problems. Only after a thorough study of the system they will be able to really understand its purpose and support the development team in creating a system that will be safe, robust and effective (Hawryszkiewycz, 1994). In 1994, a study by the Standish Group provides a better understanding of how valuable the correct application of analysis during a systems development phase is. The company studied eight thousand software projects undertaken by 350 different companies in order to see how successful the development process was. The results were disastrous as around 31% of the projects were cancelled before they make it to the production phase (Standish, 1994). When in further study, these companies were asked about the reasons for these failures, more than 54% answered that it was various problems during the analysis phase (Standish, 1995). Systems analysis though is not a cure-all medicine. Like all approaches in system development, it has its own disadvantages and limitations. Some company, for example, could have so many internal problems, financial or not, that a single Systems Analysis, even the best one possible, could not be enough to save it from bankruptcy. Another disadvantage is that Systems Analysis costs a lot of money and time (Silver et al, 1989). Although, it has been proven many times that projects that went through a thorough System Analysis phase had greater chances to become successful, its still not a guarantee. As the human factor never stops to play a vital role in the whole development process, there is always the risk that something is mistakenly overlooked (i.e. a bug in the code that escapes the final testing phase), which leads to a fault product in the production line, which in turn leads to less sales or even stigmatize the organizations good name. Conclusion Systems Analysis has become a necessity, a highly important and integral tool that development teams, governments and companies use to enhance their productivity and raise their profit margins (Silver et al, 1989). As people say: money makes the world go round, and this is especially true nowadays that organizations put even more effort to identify and satisfy their needs in the most effective and efficient way. Systems and projects become even more sophisticated, even more advanced, even more complex and even more critical for the safety of the users. Developers must be able to adapt in this ever-changing environment if they want to survive in the highly competitive world of today. For all these reasons, Systems Analysis continues to play a key role, and researchers are trying constantly to find new ways to make it even more efficient in the future.

Huckelburry Finn Essay -- essays research papers

Huckleberry Finn’s Journey Through Life The Adventures of Huckelberry Finn takes the readers through many different twists and turns as well as emotions. A stunning tale about a young boy who is looking to over come his father and make it on his own. Here, I set out on a task to find the hero’s journey as expressed throughout this story. The story begins off with the main character, Huck, planning to break out of his ordinary world. Huck is living with the Widow Douglas upon the disappearance of his father. His father, whom most have presumed to be dead, is a character that comes in later in the story and leaves the readers with a feeling of disgust. When the story takes a turn and the readers realize Huck’s father is indeed alive, we are given the chance to meet him. â€Å" I used to be scared of him all the time, he tanned me so much†(20). His Father has come back into town upon learning that Huck has come into a great deal of money. A series of events lead to Huck’s father, Pap, kidnapping Huck and taking him far away from the Widow Douglas to a place where no one could find them. Huck shows himself to be a smart boy using his â€Å"Tom Sawyer like skills† to runaway from his father and that’s where his call to adventure begins. Recognizing Pap’s patterns, Huck waits for the proper time when his father leaves to get to the busy work in planning his own escape. When Huck finishes up his clever plan he realizes Pap is on his way back to the cabin in which they stayed. He gets in his canoe and heads to Jackson island. From there he watches the next day as the people in the town come and look for his missing carcass. After a few days Huck begins to explore the island and to his surprise he finds Jim, one of Miss Watson’s slaves. Jim has escaped and is on the same island as he is! Immediately, strings begin to tug on his heart as he battles with his conscience. He has to decide whether or not to turn Jim in! After all, he was sure happy to see Jim. This is where the refusal of the call comes into place. Huck, someone who’s always seen Jim as a slave now sees that Jim, like everyone else is a real person with feelings. He can’t take him back to Miss Watson without turning himself in as well. Jim and Huck's friendship begins to blossom as Jim turns into Huck’s mentor. â€Å"Jim said if we had the canoe hid in a good place, and all the traps in the cavern, we could rush t... .... Tom then yells that Jim isn’t a slave! Jim has been free ever since Miss Watson died and freed him in her will. Apparently Miss Watson was so ashamed about planning to sell Jim that she felt it best to set him free. Return with treasure, and what a treasure indeed. Jim, now a completely free man. They were free from the King and Duke and free from the Phelps’ as well. Tom gives Jim forty dollars for putting up with them the entire time and for being such a good prisoner. Jim turns to Huck and tells him he was right about being a rich man one day. The story comes to an end when Huck learns that Aunt Sally wants to adopt him. Huck wants nothing to do with the civilized life again. He needs to start planning on heading west since he already tried to become civilized once before and did not like it. Huckelberry Finn, truly a good story that captures the hearts and minds of readers everywhere. â€Å"But I got to light out for the Territory ahead of the rest, because Aunt Sally she’s going to adopt me and sivilize me and I can’t stand it. I been there before†(229). A few of the very last words in the book. Here expresses the events of the hero’s journey throughout Huckelberry Finn.

Avatar Film Essay

â€Å"We must change what we want to see.† In James Cameron’s â€Å"Avatar,† we see Jake Sully—the protagonist—fighting in the imperialistic battle between the Na’vi: the natives and the Sky People: the greedy humans. Jake is important because he shows the audience the importance of where to put your loyalty and how much it can change a person. He transforms from a bitter, strongly-opinionated jarhead —with no respect for the foreign planet’s land or inhabitants—to a warrior loyal to his clan that he will fight for and defend. We are introduced to Jake Sully as a paraplegic ex-marine with strong military values. Jake’s brother was one of the scientists about to begin exploring the densely forested moon named â€Å"Pandora† with an Avatar—genetically matched to him—of the Planet’s inhabitants: The Na’vi. A mugging resulting in Jake’s brother’s death ensued Jake to be flown to Pandora for his brother’s replacement. Jake’s first link with his avatar shows us his ignorant, impulsive and instinctive behaviour and furthermore, how little respect he has for the environment or wildlife. We begin to see Jake’s arrogant attitude fade and his loving and sensitive side brought out by Neytiri with his total involvement with the Omaticaya. Through Jake’s immersion into the Na’vi’s culture and growing relationship with Neytiri, his loyalties move away from the RDA: the race he was born to, and begins to sympathise and lie with the Omaticaya clan: the race he has been accepted into. â€Å"Everything is backwards now, like out there is the true world, and in here is the dream.† â€Å"I see you.† This short but very significant sentence spoken amongst the Na’vi shows trust and loyalty – â€Å"It’s not just, I’m seeing you in front of me, it’s, I see into you.† Jake is an important character for the reason that the loyalty he establishes with the Na’vi—abandoning his race—helps the Na’vi to keep their land and sacred home. We start to see Jake’s shifting alleg iance when he sabotages the RDA’s bulldozers that were set to destroy one of the Omaticaya’s sacred places. However he betrays the Na’vi’s trust in him—especially Neytiri’s—when he reveals that he is one of the sky people that are coming to destroy Hometree. To earn the Na’vi’s trust back, Jake tames and connects to the huge, legendary Toruk: â€Å"the baddest cat in the sky.† And with support from the new chief Tsu’tey – he declares his loyalty and his willingness to not let the Na’vi go down without a fight: â€Å"We will show the Sky People that they cannot take whatever they want! And that this, this is our land!† In the undershot of Quaritch in his machine suit holding Jake up by his ponytail – we see Jake staying loyal to the Na’vi. The undershot gives Quaritch a sense of power and dominance over Jake and the audience who feel a sense of hopelessness for Jake. Also the low angle gives Quaritch a sense of importance – intimidating the audience. Jake putting his life on the line in order to protect the Na’vi shows us how important they—especially Neytiri—have become to him. â€Å"All I ever wanted was a single thing worth fighting for.† And for the Na’vi—for Neytiri—Jake has. Jake is an important character because he helps the audience to understand the effects of imperialism on Pandora and the Na’vi. The RDA want the very expensive mineral that is largely deposited under Hometree and they are going to get the unobtanium one way or another – no exception to the cost of the planet’s people or land. The RDA bomb Hometree with a rain of firepower, and finally Hometree collapses in a blaze of fire. Close ups on the Na’vi’s faces—while this is happening—reveal the impact the loss of Hometree has on them; the slow motion also adds to emphasise this. The close up shots expose their emotions of anger but most of all, great sadness. Hometree is where the Omaticaya gather together as a clan, where they raise their future; Hometree is their life. Jake progresses from an RDA spy, to a loya l leader willing to fight for the Na’vi’s world. â€Å"I was a warrior who dreamed I could bring peace.† The low angle shot of Jake flying into the crowd of Na’vi, portrays him as the saviour with the sun beaming behind him to accentuate his heroism. The low angle further enforces Jake’s importance to the audience giving him a sense of superiority. â€Å"The Sky People have sent us a message†¦ that they can take whatever they want. That no one can stop them. Well, we will send them a message.† Jake leads the battle between the Na’vi who fight to protect their sacred lands, and the humans who are fuelled by the riches the Na’vi’s lands hold. This imperialistic battle is similar to the conquering and settlement of North America by European countries resulting in the destruction and decimation of the Native Americans way of life. The Mighty Europeans used military force to upheave the indigenous civilizations in North America. Driving the Natives away for the plentiful land, Europeans colonised what is now the Americas. Cameron wanted to expose us—the oblivious communities—to imperialism at its simplest: destroying one group’s livelihood for another’s own greed and wealth. In James Cameron’s film â€Å"Avatar,† Jake Sully is the protagonist and an important character for the reason that his newly established loyalty with the Na’vi helps them to keep their sacred land and home. He is important because he stands up for the underdogs: the Na’vi, instead of encouraging the destruction of the indigenous civilization’s home. James Cameron’s intentions to expose imperialism through the RDA and the Na’vi in Avatar, helps the audience understand the effects of it and how easily it has occurred AND could occur on our home: Earth. â€Å"Avatar† helped me to understand and grasp the fact that we are slowly destroying Earth’s nat ural resources and wonders for our desires and self-indulgences.

buy custom Family in the East Asian Thought essay

buy custom Family in the East Asian Thought essay Throughout the history, the family has always been considered one of the eternal human values in East Asia. Some of the ancient family traditions have been preserved up to this day. However, it should be noted that the significance of the family has been raised to an entirely new level in China, in the times of Confucius. The spiritual core of his teaching, the Confucianism, is based on the eternal human values (Yao, 2000). Of course, all more or less significant spiritual teachings have always been associated with these values in one way or another. However, a pledge of eternity on the Confucianism was its ability to express these values in the most accessible, common, and unquestionable manner. In the light of the eternal values, it is possible to point out the imperceptible things such as the habitat or collective form of the human existence. For an ancient observer, it used to be presented in the form of a relatively small-scale state. The public life of such a state could acquir e either a common form, following the way of Tao as postulated by the Confucians, or other disrupt conventional forms. These violations could be so severe that they began to threaten the very foundations of the social life. In general, all the people were considered responsible for the presence or absence of Tao, but not on the equal terms. In this matter, a special responsibility was attributed to those who personified all the society and were invested with the supreme political power. The meaning of the allegations to him was limited to ensuring that ,within his power, he had to behave in the same way, as the head of the family acts at his home (Yao, 2000). Therefore, it is possible to say that, at the time, the family was considered a model for building a prosperous state. Therefore, the following paper is dedicated to the definition of the role and significance of the family in the East Asian thought, namely in the Confucianism. Once tuned to the Confucian way of thinking, one will immediately notice that, out of the two natural communities of the family and the state, the family is much more stable. As result, Confucius and his followers positioned the family model as the main support of the human community. In the established traditions of the ancient Chinese society, not all family relationships were considered equal. The primacy was given to Xiao (filial piety), which was not only defined by a family but also based on the religious foundation and the worship of the ancestors. Such textural relationships between a father and son meant more than a simple emotional link between them. They were rather the religious relations determined by the word Xi (service) (The Virtue of Familial Responsibility, 2014). In such a manner, in the Chinese society, the family life was directly incorporated into the religious cult and ritual system of relationships. Therefore, according to Confucius, the family (a natural community of people) was at a higher level of ethical development than the rest of the social environment. It was considered the center of the high ethical well-being, having a beneficial effect on its surroundings. Confucius believed that the family, consecrated by the cult of ancestors, gave every reason to consider it a sufficient ethical school required for the complete transformation of a human being into a noble person. It should be noted that Confucius developed his plans of transforming the human being, having in mind not just the person from the street, but those who had successfully mastered the system of the ethical relations. The philosopher Yu-Tzu, one of the disciples of Confucius, claimed that there were few people, who, being respectful to their parents and elder relatives, would be inclined to oppose their superiors (Yao, 2000). By analyzing the political reality of the contemporary world, Confucius concluded that depriving the political life of the empire-wide administrative and ideological control could lead to practicality, cynicism, and violence as the primary means of the public administration. On the contrary, the philosopher dreamed of the state, in which the politics would be based on the same ethical pprinciples as in the family, so the people could not abuse their power due to the assimilated high ethical principles. Therefore, the filial piety (Xiao) was one of the key elements included by Confucius in the set of the management tools, being regarded as a political tool of direct and important effect. In particular, he claimed that, in order to make people respectful, faithful, and diligent, the ruler must follow the norms of Xiao (The Virtue of Familial Responsibility, 2014). In addition to direct effects on the people, the deference of the highest level, provided by Xiao, was useful in establishing the stable political traditions. As a result, the state policy would not be shaken due to the forced regime change, being the antithesis to the European saying, The king is dead, long live the king. Moreover, Confucius and his followers, focusing on the ritual nature of the family relations, emphasized a situation, in which the successor had to withstand a three-year mourning period. It is important from the political point of view. According to Confucius, in mourning, a person does not feel the sweetness when tasting food, does not experience joy when listening to the music, and does not know the rest when staying in the house (Yao, 2000). This strange and rather inconvenient from the political point of view tradition takes its roots in the old Chinese family rule. According to it, it took three years after the birth of the child before it could be weaned fro m the mother and father. That is why the three-year mourning period, as a tribute to the parents, was a universal rule in China. The pairing of humanity with mourning for parents is one of the most characteristic features of the Chinese spiritual culture (Rosemont and Ames, 2009). Moreover, it has a fundamentally different root than the one, from which the European humanism has grown. However, it should be noted that, in the Eastern sense, mourning is not connected with the particular funeral formalities, but rather the state of mind. Therefore, such a ritual ensured the further development not only of a filial piety but also of the humanity in the people. Buy custom Family in the East Asian Thought essay

Presidential Election of 2004 †Political Science Essay

Presidential Election of 2004 – Political Science Essay Free Online Research Papers Presidential Election of 2004 Political Science Essay In the Presidential Election of 2004, I would vote for the incumbent candidate, the Republican Party’s George W. Bush. In my opinion, George Bush has been an outstanding leader of our country for the past four years. Since taking office in 2001, Bush has faced some of the most difficult challenges ever by a President. After an extremely controversial victory over Vice President, Al Gore, Bush and Cheney were not declared winners of the 2000 election until weeks after Election Day. With such a margin of victory, many Americans refused to accept and support the court-appointed victor. (1) During his first year in office, Bush addressed many environmental issues formulating specific recommendations for a cleaner environment. After holding office for just nine months, he faced the tragedy of 9/11. In the midst of a national crisis, our nation needed the strength and conviction of a strong national leader. President Bush was immediately at the scene of the former World Trade Center comforting the families of victims and assuring Americans as to their safety and security. Under his administration, the war on terror was launched. He immediately mobilized American troops to seek and destroy terrorist organizations in many areas around the world. (1, 2) Under President Bush’s leadership, our country developed a renewed sense of patriotism. Since the day of 9/11, the world is always at risk of similar unprovoked and unforeseen terror. Americans, therefore, have a continuing and growing need to know that our President and our government are taking all the necessary steps and precautions to protect our security. To that end, Bush has created a new cabinet post, secretary of homeland security, Tom Ridge. In addition, President Bush, as Commander-and-Chief of the armed forces continues to seek and destroy terrorists around the world. (1, 2) During the past four years, Bush has delivered reductions on individual taxes which have benefited the low and middle-class families. With a significant increase in military spending and a growing national debt, the President has a longer term plan to reduce the national debt. While there are conflicting economic theories on economic spending, many economists believe that robust government spending will actually fuel the economy and create jobs in the near term. (1) In contrast, the democratic candidate, Senator John Kerry, has a platform which suggests dangerously high levels of deficit spending. Kerry’s plans include increased spending on military, education, the environment, and health care programs. And strangely, he promises no increase in individual taxes. (1) I also support President Bush for re-election because of his consistent position on opposing abortion. The debate regarding the mortality of abortion had been on going for decades. President Bush holds a conservative and moral view which denies a woman’s right to have an abortion. Senator Kerry, on the other hand, as a liberal politician, is pro-choice. He believes that a woman should have the right to abort her unborn child. While this issue is driven more by one’s religious belief and convictions, I respect the mortality and personal values of President Bush over those of his opponent. (1, 2) In the area of education, President Bush proposed one of the most radical improvements in our education system. During his first term, Congress passed the No Child Left Behind Act. With this plan, every state has had to develop specific plans to ensure improvement in their schools. In order to attract and retain quality teachers, Bush is proposing financial incentives to better compensate teachers with proven success. (1,2) While Senator John Kerry also supports improvement in our education system, his specific plans are loosely defined and seem to focus more on after school activities for students. (2) Taxes are a fundamental need to run this nation. With four years of experience as our President, I believe that George Bush has a much better understanding of our national budget. I also believe it is a difficult task for anyone to balance tax levels with adequate levels of government spending. Any candidate would want to do everything humanly possible in every area of government services. Unfortunately, increased services require increases in taxes. I believe that Bush administration has presented a logical and tolerable plan for the second term. Senator Kerry, conversely, cites tax and spending plans which are contradictory. I believe that his proposed spending plans would inevitably trigger increased taxes for most Americans. (1, 2) In summary, I agree with Bush’s views on abortion, security and defense, homeland security, education, taxes, and environment. I would support the re-election of George W. Bush for the upcoming 2004 election. Research Papers on Presidential Election of 2004 - Political Science EssayNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceQuebec and CanadaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2The Effects of Illegal ImmigrationTwilight of the UAWInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and

School holidays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

School holidays - Essay Example In order to attend the first Mass, an individual has to be out of bed as early as a quarter to six, in the morning. The first mass usually begins at exactly eight o’clock, and Father Franco is never known to be late for Mass. It was not easy for most of our peers to attend the first Mass because it cut in on their precious holiday sleep, which was a privilege that not many cared to forfeit just to attend the first Mass. Ken and I had different motivators that saw us opt it. During the school holiday, we had a favorite Sunday afternoon activity that involved going swimming at the local sports club where we had the opportunity to interact and socialize with young girls whom we fancied. Getting to the swimming pool early was the best strategy of eliminating competition and getting the best poolside sunbathing spots close to the girls. Additionally, visiting the swimming pool earlier meant that we could not be locked out when the gate is closed to prevent more people from coming in since it had a limited capacity. We lived in a community where skipping church attendance was a taboo because we lived in an extremely strict Catholic society. Everyone had to attend church on Sunday morning before attending to any other activity unless a person was bedridden or incapacitated by a life-threatening situation.

Fashion trends Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fashion trends - Essay Example The research "Fashion trends" identifies and analyzes the basic scopes of their targeted customers. The research design drew from the theme of the products the students intended to sell. Before the commencement of the research, the students analyzed the theme context of the prospective products. The analysis encompassed several dimensions. Firstly, there was an identification of the types of products to sellable to the target customers. The second dimension encompassed the designation criterion of the product to suit the customer’s taste. The third dimension encompasses identification of the price standards for the designs. Finally, there is the dimension of presumed product’s lifecycle within the supply chain. Therefore, in setting the product’s theme, identification, analysis and description of the target customers is critical for the business before initiating the intervention. Having established the study theme for the product, and with sufficient literature reviewed on the fashion trends in the entire country with special emphasis on the city of London, the students the researchable question becomes known. From the foregoing sequences of events in the fashion and apparel industry, the researchable problem statement becomes: How can there be an enhanced reach-up among the youths bracket customers with fashion and design trends in London? The research employed a wide range of methods in data collection. The methods differed according to convenience, region and information required.