Movie review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Movie review - Essay Example As for the second movie, I think that the ending reflects the personal evolution of the main character, Cyril. Thus, all he wanted is to find his father, but the experience that he gained in the course of it contributed to his personal evolution. In other words, at the end of the movie he was able to develop a broader picture of the world and not limit his perception with the ideas which shaped his character in foster care. I believe that the ending of the first movie is a satisfying resolution to the events that lead up to it. If one takes a close look at the situation, one will be able to see that Sandra did not want to keep her job, just like other people did; she objected the lack of justice which happened in the work place. So, when we was presented with a choice to keep the job, but allow the injustice to continue, she, being faithful to her original desire, decided to resign. The ending of the second movie is also insightful: with the help of it the viewer is able to see that Cyril did not only try to find his father, he wanted to discover the new aspects of his personality and in the end, the audience is able to see that he made a giant leap in personal development. It is quite obvious that there is a peculiar relationship between the two endings. Thus, they both allow the characters to achieve the goal which they truly wanted, in spite of the fact that they may not have realized it.

Academic Report on video game addiction social responsibility Essay

Academic Report on video game addiction social responsibility - Essay Example The authors also believe that the companies which produce the games should be somewhat responsible for their consumers. This particular article would be helpful in establishing distinct ways that society can be more responsible when it comes to this issue as the article presents several specific examples for this. In addition, the article does a good job of presenting an overview of the problem which would be helpful in establishing the background for the paper. Mehroof, Mehwash, and Mark D. Griffiths. "Online Gaming Addiction: The Role of Sensation Seeking, Self-Control, Neuroticism, Aggression, State Anxiety, and Trait Anxiety." CyberPsychology, Behavior & Social Networking 13.3 (2010): 313-316. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 26 Oct. 2011. This article provides a study that details some of the consequences in terms of a person’s mental well-being when they have become addicted to video games. For instance, the research illustrates that those who are addicted to video games display an overall increase in aggression, violent behavior, anxiety, and neuroticism. The study found that these behaviors or personality traits were very prevalent in those who were addicted to online gaming. The article would be helpful for a research paper on the topic of video game addiction and social responsibility in that it provides evidence as to how video or online gaming impacts a person negatively. This impact can be pointed to in order to prove that society should be held to a higher standard in terms of how it deals with this type of

Osama Bin Laden Essay Example for Free

Osama Bin Laden Essay When the United States experienced the simultaneous terror attacks on September 11, 2001, our country launched a manhunt for the person whom all data pointed to as the mastermind of the attack, Osama Bin Laden. It began as a manhunt for the most wanted terrorist in the world with the mission of getting him dead or alive and ending the threat of international terrorism. As time went on though, the facts and figures, as well as the slant of the military objectives got derailed and Osama Though not forgotten, is no longer the focal point of the war on terror. There is enough evidence in the president’s interviews to prove that the country is has bungled every aspect of the manhunt and our leaders have lost sight of their original mission objectives and perhaps hope that the reports of Bin laden’s medical condition are true and that it will kill him. Or maybe they are hoping against hope that one of the bombs dropped in the caves of Afghanistan actually killed him. Reports have surfaced saying that Osama is as dead as he can ever be. Although some say he is still hiding out in Pakistan or Afghanistan. Which is which? If he is alive, why has he not released a video recently to the news media? Is it true that he limits his exposure only to the internet these days? Or, is this a sign that he is indeed dead? This is what bothers me the most. The fact that our countries leaders are more concentrated on Iraq, a country that seems hell-bent on imploding instead of insuring the protection of our own country against the threats of Osama and his cohorts. Nobody is bothering to confirm the real status of Bin Laden right now it seems. I guess nobody will and the hunt for him will remain a 2nd priority until the next time American lives are sacrificed in an even larger terror attack. Is Osama alive or dead? I believe that because of the way things are going now in the hunt for this terrorist, nobody will ever find the real answer. America has too many tongs in the fire and cannot really complete any of the war goals that have been set. Bin Laden’s cohorts will continue to try propagate the idea that Bin Laden is alive even if he is dead by any means possible for them. Maybe he is dead, but the world will never really know the truth because there is no real evidence to point to his being alive or dead. America‘s indifference to proving the status of Bin laden will mean that at present, and even in the future, the threat of world terrorism will continue to exist and be felt throughout the free world and Bin Laden will continue to be the terrorism poster boy.

The Transaction Oriented Middleware

The Transaction Oriented Middleware Middleware is a class of software technologies designed to help manage the complexity and heterogeneity inherent in distributed systems. It is defined as a layer of software above the operating system but below the application program that provides a common programming abstraction across a distributed system. In doing so, it provides a higher-level building block for programmers than Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) such as sockets that are provided by the operating system. This significantly reduces the burden on application programmers by relieving them of this kind of tedious and error-prone programming. Middleware frameworks are designed to mask some of the kinds of heterogeneity that programmers of distributed systems must deal with. They always mask heterogeneity of networks and hardware. Most middleware frameworks also mask heterogeneity of operating systems or programming languages, or both. A few such as CORBA also mask heterogeneity among vendor implementations of the same middleware standard. Finally, programming abstractions offered by middleware can provide transparency with respect to distribution in one or more of the following dimensions: location, concurrency, replication, failures, and mobility. The classical definition of an operating system is the software that makes the hardware useable. Similarly, middleware can be considered to be the software that makes a distributed system programmable. Just as a bare computer without an operating system could be programmed with great difficulty, programming a distributed system is in general much more difficult without middleware, especially when heterogeneous operation is required. Likewise, it is possible to program an application with an assembler language or even machine code, but most programmers find it far more productive to use high-level languages for this purpose, and the resulting code is of course also portable. Usage of Middleware There are various different kinds of middleware that have been developed. These vary in terms of the programming abstractions they provide and the kinds of heterogeneity they provide beyond network and hardware. Generally, middleware services provide a more functional set of application programming interfaces to allow an application to:- Locate transparently across the network, thus providing interaction with another service or application Filter data to make them friendly usable or public via anonymization process for privacy protection (for example) Be independent from network services Be reliable and always available Add complementary attributes like semantics Transaction Oriented Middleware (TOM) (or Distributed Tuples) A distributed relational database offers the abstraction of distributed tuples (i.e. particular instances of an entity), and is the most widely deployed kind of middleware today. It uses Structured Query Language (SQL) which allows programmers to manipulate sets of these tuples in an English-like language yet with intuitive semantics and rigorous mathematical foundations based on set theory and predicate calculus. Distributed relational databases also offer the abstraction of a transaction (which can also be performed using Transactional SQL or TSQL). Distributed relational database products typically offer heterogeneity across programming languages, but most do not offer much, if any, heterogeneity across vendor implementations. Transaction Processing Monitors (TPMs) are commonly used for end-to-end resource management of client queries, especially server-side process management and managing multi-database transactions. As an example consider the JINI framework (built on top of Java Spaces) which is tailored for intelligent networked devices, especially in homes. Advantages Users can access virtually any database for which they have proper access rights from anywhere in the world (as opposed to their deployment in closed environments where users access the system only via a restricted network or intranet) They address the problem of varying levels of interoperability among different database structures. They facilitate transparent access to legacy database management systems (DBMSs) or applications via a web server without regard to database-specific characteristics. Disadvantages This is the oldest form of middleware hence it lacks many features of much recent forms of middleware. Does not perform failure transparency Tight coupling between client and server Remote Procedure Calls A Remote Procedure Call (RPC) is an inter-process communication that allows a computer program to cause a subroutine or procedure to execute in another address space (commonly on another computer on a shared network) without the programmer explicitly coding the details for this remote interaction. That is, the programmer writes essentially the same code whether the subroutine is local to the executing program, or remote. When the software in question uses object-oriented principles, RPC is called remote invocation or remote method invocation. Remote Procedure Call Middleware (RPCM) extends the procedure call interface familiar to virtually all programmers to offer the abstraction of being able to invoke a procedure whose body is across a network. RPC systems are usually synchronous, and thus offer no potential for parallelism without using multiple threads, and they typically have limited exception handling facilities. Advantages Language-level pattern of function call which is easy to understand for programmers. Synchronous request/reply interaction à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Natural from a programming language point-of-view à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Matches replies to requests à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Built in synchronization of requests and replies Distribution transparency (in the no-failure case) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Hides the complexity of a distributed system Various reliability guarantees à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Deals with some distributed systems aspects of failure Failure Transparency is performed à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ May be due to network and/or server congestion or client, network and/or server failure à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In such situations an error maybe returned to programmer, either at once or after the RPC library has retried the operation several times. Disadvantages Synchronous request/reply interaction à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Tight coupling between client and server à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Client may block for a long time if server loaded hence needs a multi-threaded client à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Slow/failed clients may delay servers when replying multi-threading essential at servers Distribution Transparency à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Not possible to mask all problems RPC paradigm is not object-oriented à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Invoke functions on servers as opposed to methods on objects Message Oriented Middleware Message-Oriented Middleware (MOM) provides the abstraction of a message queue that can be accessed across a network. It is a generalization of the well-known operating system construct: the mailbox. It is very flexible in how it can be configured with the topology of programs that deposit and withdraw messages from a given queue. Many MOM products offer queues with persistence, replication, or real-time performance. Advantages Asynchronous interaction Client and server are only loosely coupled Messages are queued Good for application integration Support for reliable delivery service Keep queues in persistent storage Processing of messages by intermediate message server(s) May do filtering, transforming, logging, etc. Networks of message servers Natural for database integration Disadvantages 1) Poor programming abstraction (but has evolved) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Rather low-level (cf. Packets) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Request/reply more difficult to achieve, but can be done 2) Message formats originally unknown to middleware à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ No type checking (but JMS addresses this in its implementation) 3) Queue abstraction only gives one-to-one communication à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Limits scalability (JMS publisher/subscriber implementation) Java Messaging Service The Java Message Service (JMS) API is a Java Message Oriented Middleware (MOM) API for sending messages between two or more clients. JMS is a part of the Java Platform, Enterprise Edition, and is defined by a specification developed under the Java Community Process as JSR 914. It is a messaging standard that allows application components based on the Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE) to create, send, receive, and read messages. It allows the communication between different components of a distributed application to be loosely coupled, reliable, and asynchronous. Web Services A web service is a method of communication between two electronic devices. The W3C definition of a web service is as a software system designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network. It has an interface described in a machine-processable format (specifically Web Services Description Language WSDL). Other systems interact with the web service in a manner prescribed by its description using SOAP messages, typically conveyed using HTTP with an XML serialization in conjunction with other Web-related standards. There are two major classes of Web services, REST-compliant Web services and arbitrary Web services. In REST-compliant web services the primary purpose is to manipulate XML representations of Web resources using a uniform set of stateless operations. Whereas in arbitrary web services, the service may expose an arbitrary set of operations. Big web services use Extensible Markup Language (XML) messages that follow the SOAP standard and have been popular with traditional enterprise. In such systems, there is often a machine-readable description of the operations offered by the service written in the Web Services Description Language (WSDL). The latter is not a requirement of a SOAP endpoint, but it is a prerequisite for automated client-side code generation in many Java and .NET SOAP frameworks. IBM MQ Series IBM WebSphere MQ (formerly known as IBM MQSeries) is a message-oriented middleware platform that is part of IBMs WebSphere suite for business integration. Messages are stored in message queues that are handled by queue managers. A queue manager is responsible for the delivery of messages through server-to-server channels to other queue managers. A message has a header and an application body that is opaque to the middleware. No type-checking of messages is done by the middleware. Several programming language bindings of the API to send and receive messages to and from queues exist, among them a JMS interface. WebSphere MQ comes with advanced messaging features, such as transactional support, clustered queue managers for load-balancing and availability, and built-in security mechanisms. Having many features of a request/reply middleware, WebSphere MQ is a powerful middleware, whose strength lies in the simple integration of legacy applications through loosely-coupled queues. Nevertheless, it cannot satisfy the more complex many-to-many communication needs of modern large-scale applications, as it lacks natural support for multi-hop routing and expressive subscriptions. Object Oriented Middleware (OOM) or Distributed Object Middleware (DOM) Object Oriented Middleware provides the abstraction of an object that is remote yet whose methods can be invoked just like those of an object in the same address space as the caller. Distributed objects make all the software engineering benefits of object-oriented techniques encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism available to the distributed application developer. Every object-oriented middleware has an interface definition language (IDL) and supports object types as parameters, exception handling and inheritance. It also presents the concept of client and server stubs which act as proxies for servers and clients. The stubs and skeletons are created using the IDL compiler that is provided by the middleware. In addition, the OOM presentation layers need to map object references to the transport format. This is done via marshalling and unmarshalling of serialized objects. Advantages Support for object-oriented programming model Objects, methods, interfaces, encapsulation, etc. Exception handling is supported Synchronous request/reply interaction same as RPC Location Transparency system (ORB) maps object references to locations Services comprising multiple servers are easier to build with OOM RPC programming is in terms of server-interface (operation) RPC system looks up server address in a location service Disdvantages Synchronous request/reply interaction only and therefore ad to implement Asynchronous Method Invocation (AMI) in the technologies. However this led to tight coupling. Distributed garbage collection is available which will automatically release the memory held by unused remote objects OOM is rather static and heavy-weight. This is bad for ubiquitous systems and embedded devices Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) CORBA is a standard for distributed object computing. It is part of the Object Management Architecture (OMA), developed by the Object Management Group (OMG), and is the broadest distributed object middleware available in terms of scope. It encompasses not only CORBAs distributed object abstraction but also other elements of the OMA which address general purpose and vertical market components helpful for distributed application developers. CORBA offers heterogeneity across programming language and vendor implementations. Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM) DCOM is a distributed object technology from Microsoft that evolved from its Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) and Component Object Model (COM). DCOMs distributed object abstraction is augmented by other Microsoft technologies, including Microsoft Transaction Server and Active Directory. DCOM provides heterogeneity across language but not across operating system or tool vendor. COM+ is the next-generation DCOM that greatly simplifies the programming of DCOM. Remote Method Invocation (RMI) Remote Method Invocation (RMI) is a facility provided by Java which is similar to the distributed object abstraction of CORBA and DCOM. RMI provides heterogeneity across operating system and Java vendor, but not across language. However, supporting only Java allows closer integration with some of its features, which can ease programming and provide greater functionality. The RMI compiler generates stubs and skeletons for the coded Client and Server programs. The server class usually inherits from a pre-coded Unicast Remote server object and a security manager is installed. This class is then registered using the RIM Naming service. Any client can look-up a remote server object on the registry; provided its name is known. Reflective Middleware Reflective middleware is simply a middleware system that provides inspection and adaptation of its behavior through an appropriate causally connected self-representation (CCSR). It is a type of flexible object oriented middleware for mobile and context-awareness applications. Its adaptation to context is through the monitoring and substitution of components. It also provides interfaces for reflection and customizability. Objects can inspect the middleware behavior and it allows for dynamic reconfiguration depending on the behavior. Advantages It is more adaptable to its environment and better able to cope with change Useful in hostile and/ or dynamic environments More suited for multimedia, group communication, real-time and embedded environments, handheld devices and mobile computing environments Event Driven Middleware This is new underlying communication paradigm for building large-scale distributed systems on top of a middleware. Event-based communication is a viable new alternative for the above mentioned middleware types and it uses events as the basic communication mechanism. First, event subscribers, i.e. clients, express their interest in receiving certain events in the form of an event subscription. Then event publishers, i.e. servers, publish events which will be delivered to all interested subscribers. As a result, this model naturally supports a decoupled, many-to-many communication style between publishers and subscribers. A subscriber is usually indifferent to which particular publisher supplies the event that it is interested in. Similarly, a publisher does not need to know about the set of subscribers that will receive a published event. Advantages Asynchronous communication à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Publishers and subscribers are loosely coupled Many-to-many interaction between pubs. and subs. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Scalable scheme for large-scale systems à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Publishers do not need to know subscribers, and vice-versa à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Dynamic join and leave of pubs, subs, (brokers see lecture DS-8) Topic and Content-based pub/sub very expressive à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Filtered information delivered only to interested parties à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Efficient content-based routing through a broker network Hermes This is a scalable, event-based middleware architecture that facilitates the building of large-scale distributed systems. Hermes has a distributed implementation that adheres to the design models developed in the previous chapter. It is based on an implementation of a peer-to-peer routing layer to create a self-managed overlay network of event brokers for routing events. Its content-based routing algorithm is highly scalable because it does not require global state to be established at all event brokers. Hermes is also resilient against failure through the automatic adaptation of the overlay broker network and the routing state at event brokers. An emphasis is put on the middleware aspects of Hermes so that its typed events support a tight integration with an application programming language. Two versions of Hermes exist that share most of the codebase: an implementation in a large-scale, distributed systems simulator, and a full implementation with communication between distributed event brokers. Advantages Logical Network of Self-Organizing Event Brokers (P2P) Scalable Design and Routing Algorithms Expressive Content-Based Filtering Clean Layered Design Cambridge Event Architecture (CEA) The Cambridge Event Architecture (CEA) was created in the early 90s to address the emerging need for asynchronous communication in multimedia and sensor-rich applications. It introduced the publish-register-notify paradigm for building distributed applications. This design paradigm allows the simple extension of synchronous request/reply middleware, such as CORBA, with asynchronous publish/subscribe communication. Middleware clients that become event sources (publishers) or event sinks (subscribers) are standard middleware objects. First, an event source has to advertise (publish) the events that it produces; for example, in a name service. In addition to regular methods in its synchronous interface, an event source has a special register method so that event sinks can subscribe (register ) to events produced by this source. Finally, the event source performs an asynchronous callback to the event sinks notify method (notify) according to a previous subscription. Note that event filtering happens at the event sources, thus reducing communication overhead. The drawback of this is that the implementation of an event source becomes more complex since it has to handle event filtering. Despite the low latency, direct communication between event sources and sinks causes a tight coupling between clients. To address this, the CEA includes event mediators, which can decouple event sources from sinks by implementing both the source and sink interfaces, acting as a buffer between them. Chaining of event mediators is supported but general content-based routing, as done by other distributed publish/subscribe systems, is not part of the architecture.

Chaucers Canterbury Tales - Comparing Dishonesty in The Physicians a

Dishonesty and Hypocrisy in The Physician's and Pardoner's Tales      Ã‚   Chaucer presents characters in the Physician's and Pardoner's Tales who are very similar to each other in one important way. Although the characters seem on the surface to be mirror images of each other, they have an important underlying similarity: both the physician and the pardoner are not what they appear to be to most people. Both are hypocritical, although they show this hypocrisy in different ways.    One way of seeing this hypocrisy, in the case of the physician's tale, is to examine the way the similarities and differences between the knight Virginius and the physician himself in terms of what he sees as moral actions. It seems fairly clear that the physician identifies himself with Virginius during the telling of the tale. One of the main ways in which the physician identifies with Virginius is by sharing his concern for Virginia's future state of virtue. He shows his concern with Virginia's future by speculating on whether she will continue to be "a thousand foold moore vertuous" than she is beautiful -- as she is at the beginning of the tale -- when she "woxen is a wyf" (VI.40; VI.71). Virginius shows his concern for his daughter's virtue by killing her rather than allowing her chastity to be compromised; the physician shows that he believes it necessary for a father to guard his daughter's virtue in a long comment (VI.71-104) describing a father's duty to have his daughter w atched over by governesses, or "maistresses" (VI.71).    The most important way in which Virginius differs from the physician -- and the physician clearly does not see this -- is in the moral application of the tale. The physician clearly intends for the ta... ...uthority or to skim beneath the surface of the tale, as is shown by the hostility of the host. Harry Bailly does not respond to the pardoner's accusation that he is "moost envoluped in synne," but merely appeals to force in threatening the pardoner.    Neither achieves the result that he wants, and the reason for this failure in each case is his general failure to be honest, either with others (in the case of the pardoner) or with himself (in the case of the physician). For this reason, Chaucer pokes fun at both of them in subtle ways throughout their tales.    References Benson, C. David. Explanatory Notes to "The Physician's Tale" in The Riverside Chaucer. General Ed. Benson, Larry D. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1987. Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Canterbury Tales in The Riverside Chaucer. General Ed. Benson, Larry D. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1987.

Penny Marshall :: essays research papers

Penny Marshall has directed six films in her career: "The Preachers Wife"(1996), "Renaissance Man"(1994), "A League of Their Own"(1992), "Awakenings"(1990), "Big"(1998), and "Jumpin' Jack Flash"(1986). We know Penny best from her stint in Laverne and Shirley (1976-1983) as the hilarious Laverne De Fazio. After the series was cancelled Laverne appeared in some pictures until her directorial debut in "Jumpin' Jack Flash". This film was pretty much a bomb and Penny gained credibility as a director in "Big". Tom Hanks received a nomination for Best Actor in this picture. Marshall's best directorial accomplishment had to be in "Awakenings" starring Robert DeNiro and Robin Williams. This film was nominated for Best Picture, Best Actor (Robert DeNiro), and for Best Adapted Screenplay. Penny Marshall's style is classical. "Awakenings" and "Big" in particular are based upon a three-act structure. "A League of their Own" and "Big" are tall tales, strongly centered on plot. There exists good and bad people, and characters that are changed by their experiences (Dr. Malcolm Sayer, Josh Baskin). Character actors are prominent in her films and certainly used to reflect the persona of the star as well as to draw people to the movie. In films such as "Big" Penny places a high emphasis on setting which are highly selective in detail.Penny Marshall's typical choice of genre is comedy probably because of her comedic background, but she did direct "Awakenings" which is a drama. Her films tend to deal with contemporary issues in society such as coming of age ("Big"), oppression of the mentally handicapped ("Awakenings"), and women's accomplishment ("A League of their Own"). Penny Marshall's films are not multi million dollar movies which are filled with special effects and fancy camera action rather they are simple pictures which let the actors convey the messages. Penny does not attempt to use film as an art form; rather she uses film to tell a story. Penny Marshall's story sources consist of original and adapted screenplays. "Big" was written by Gary Ross who is best known for writing and producing "Pleasantville", and Anne Spielberg who wrote "Toy Story". "Awakenings" was adapted from a book of the same title by Oliver Sacks and written for the screen by Steven Zaillian who wrote "Schindler's List" and "A Civil Action" to name but a few. From these two films it is presumed that Penny uses a variety of sources.In "Awakenings" and "Big" Penny's style is classicism.

Research Paper on Teen Pregnancy

Teenage Pregnancy: Who's To Blame? Over the past 10 years, teenage pregnancy has escalated about 10%. As the years pass, more blames for teen pregnancy come up. The first few years that teen pregnancy became a problem, the people blamed the girl that became pregnant. Then as it progressed worse and worse, the blame pointed to the father of the unborn child. When the movie â€Å"June' came out in around 2009 that became blame. Then came â€Å"16 and pregnant† and â€Å"Teen Mom†.Hollywood started clamoring teen pregnancy pretty much saying its okay to be a teen mom because you can become ammos. This made the girls of the U. S think â€Å"Maybe since these girls are becoming famous for being a teen mom maybe I can too†. Then there's the no sex education in the schools. Schools these days think that all teens know about sex so why teach it? Teenage pregnancies are 100% preventable. Teenagers should make the right decision and choose abstinence. If they choose to ha ve premarital sex then they should take the right precautions to prevent pregnancies.Media and society plays a huge role in teen pregnancy. â€Å"16 and pregnant† is a show that publicizes pregnant teenage girls. It shows their struggles in life as a pregnant teen, how they try to deal with the Judgment of their peers, trying to go through school, having the baby, and trying to be a teenager. Another blame for teen pregnancy is peer pressure. Friends getting pregnant and boyfriends are the main peer pressure girls get. When a friend gets pregnant some girls get Jealous of the attention their friend is getting so they go and get pregnant so they can have the attention too.Then there's the boyfriend factor; most teenage boys are sexually active and continue that way with all the girls he boy comes in contact with. Most guys think â€Å"Oh well since all these girls she hangs around with are doing it I'll push her into doing it with me†, or they'll pull the â€Å"if you love me† card. As a teenage girl there are many things going through your mind when a boy likes you and wants to have relations with you. You think about if he really loves you, if he'll leave you if you don't do it, etc. Cost teenage girls that become pregnant will tell you miss, I became pregnant to maintain a stable relationship with my boyfriend†. There are also many schools that don't offer sex education. Most schools already have a high number of teenage pregnancies so they don't think they need it because most of the kids there are already sexually active. The other half of schools that do offer sex education, don't have any kids that sign up for the class. In 2009-12 there are more teenagers out there that are sexually active then there ever has before.Sex education is the place where kids learn about sex and how to take the right precautions to maintain health. A living environment is also to blame. If a teenage girl lives in a not so good part of town and her m other was also a teen mom, that girl might become a teen mother. Yes, a girl may not become a teen mom in those living environments, but they also can come in contact other bad influences. Most girls that are pregnant, and or have had sex stated that they were either intoxicated or under the influence of illegal drugs.Parent's are also a blame for teenage pregnancies. When parent doesn't have tell the child about sex or having babies, it hurts the child in the long run because when contraceptives. Also, when a parent drills into their kids' heads â€Å"don't have sex or lull be tramp† â€Å"don't get pregnant or I'll kick you out and you'll be homeless†, and try to restrict the kid from dating, talking to, hanging out with, or any type of contact with the opposite sex will cause the child to rebel against their parent's thus having sex and getting pregnant.In 2009, 1 of 11 year olds have had sex, 2. 4% of 12 year olds, even though pregnancy at these ages is very rare, sexual activity is more likely to be in the teens. 5. 4% of 13 year olds, 11% of 14 year olds, 20% of 15 year olds, 33% of 16 year olds, more than half of the teens 17 to 19 said that they were sexually active UT 25% said they have not until the age of 20 (Gale, 2007). The average age of a teen having premarital sex is 16. 4 years in Caucasians and 15. 5 years in African Americans (Talk of the Nation, 2008).It is estimated that 19% of teenage girls who get pregnant opt for abortion, with about 52% of women younger than 25 years old getting abortions. Of the girls who give birth, most decide to keep their babies. Between 1982 and 1988, only 3% of Caucasian girls gave up tier babies for adoption, compared to the 19% between 1965 and 1972. That figure is even smaller for African American arils. These figures still hold generally the truth now days (World of health, 2007). Not only does premarital sex without contraceptives lead to pregnancy it also leads to Studs that can lead to perma nent sickness and even death.Teenage mothers are at more risk of health problems than adult mothers. They are more open to dieses such as tootsie, anemia, and upperclassman. The number one contraceptive used by teenagers is birth control. It is 100% effective if taken the right way. The pro side of teen pregnancy is that you get to have a baby and that's about it. The con side of teen regency is that you are a child your self and you are in your teens you are suppose to have fun and live life.Teen pregnancy is becoming an epidemic and it needs to stop because the abortion rate is sky rocketing, babies are being left out in the rain with no parental guidance. Yes, there are some teens out there that are great parent's but they are very slim. When it comes to having children, teenagers are not able to raise them because they are children themselves. If teenagers think they are mature enough to have premarital sex then they should make the mature decision to prevent pregnancies.